Abstract Material hardship has emerged as a direct measure of deprivation in the United States and an important complement to income poverty, providing different evidence about ways which may affect wellbeing. This study addresses gaps our knowledge first examine patterns material over time. Using data from Fragile Families Child Well-Being Study, this examined five types (food, housing, medica...

A century after its first synthesis in 1914, black phosphorus has been attracting significant attention as a promising two-dimensional material in recent years due to its unique properties. Nowadays, with the development of its exfoliation method, there are extensive applications of black phosphorus in transistors, batteries and optoelectronics. Though, because of its hardship in mass productio...