This paper investigates the effects of mandatory seat belt laws on driver behavior and traffic fatalities. Using a unique panel data set on seat belt usage rates in all U.S. jurisdictions, we analyze how such laws, by influencing seat belt use, affect traffic fatalities. Controlling for the endogeneity of seat belt usage, we find that it decreases overall traffic fatalities. The magnitude of th...

BACKGROUND Motor vehicle crashes were the leading cause of occupational fatalities in the United States in 2012, accounting for 25% of deaths. Truck drivers accounted for 46% of these deaths. This study estimates the prevalence of seat belt use and identifies factors associated with nonuse of seat belts among long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs), a group of workers at high risk for fatalities result...

Obese occupants have higher risks of fatalities and injuries in frontal crashes than normal‐weight individuals. In particular the chest and the lower extremities are the body regions that are more likely to be injured for obese than non‐obese occupants. Previous studies demonstrated that obesity increases the amount of belt webbing used by drivers, and have shown that lap belt placement tends t...

in this paper, front engine accessory drive (fead) system of automotive engine is modeled with adams software. the model is validated using engine test data. it is then used to investigate the effect of design parameters on the system performance such as belt vibration and loads on the idlers. three alternative layouts were developed in order to improve the performance of original eead system. ...

Using data from WIND, SAMPEX (Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer), and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) sensors onboard geostationary satellites, we investigate the correlation of energetic electrons in the 20-200 keV range in the solar wind and of high speed solar wind streams with relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere to determine whether energetic electrons...

OBJECTIVE To assess plantarflexion moment and hip joint moment after-effects following walking on a split-belt treadmill in healthy individuals and individuals post-stroke. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Ten healthy individuals (mean age 57.6 years (standard deviation; SD 17.2)) and twenty individuals post-stroke (mean age 49.3 years (SD 13.2)). METHODS Participants walked on an i...

The purpose of this paper is to present the crash exposure patterns of pregnant occupants and to evaluate the effectiveness of restraint systems, including four-point seatbelts, in far side crashes. The NASS CDS database revealed that 53.0 % of pregnant occupants are exposed to frontal crashes while 13.5 % are exposed to far side impacts. Given that far side crashes were the second leading cras...

The Dunnage Zone of the Newfoundland Appalachians hosts diverse Cambrian–Ordovician volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. peri-Laurentian Notre Dame Subzone contains Cu–Zn–Au mafic and bimodal deposits in ∼501–485 Ma ophiolitic rocks Zn–Pb–Cu–(Au–Ag) ∼471–465 rifted continental arc sequences (e.g., Buchans). peri-Gondwanan Exploits host felsic, felsic siliciclastic, Zn–Ag–Au hybrid ∼513–...

The Western Domain of the Magallanes Fold-and-Thrust Belt (MFTB) between 52°-54°S is part a poorly studied hinterland region southernmost Andean Cordillera. This domain consists NNW-SSE trending tectonic slices pre-Jurassic basement units and Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous ophiolitic complexes volcano-sedimentary successions Rocas Verdes Basin (RVB). New detrital zircon U–Pb ages metatuffs met...