Data Mining is an idea based on a simple analogy. The growth of data warehousing has created mountains of data. The mountains represent a valuable resource to the enterprise. But to extract value from these data mountains, we must "mine" for high-grade "nuggets" of precious metal -the gold in data warehouses and data marts. The analogy to mining has proven seductive for business. Everywhere the...

The Appalachian mountains comprise a system of ranges that begins in Quebec, Canada, passes through New York, and reaches south along the U.S. eastern seaboard to Georgia and Alabama. Portions of the mountain system are in 12 states and include ranges such as the Allegheny Mountains of Pennsylvania and the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee. The land is heavily forested, rocky, and sparsely pop...

The landscape pattern in the high-mountains is significantly more complex than in the lowlands. Theories, models and methods which are usually applied in landscape studies (such as the geo-complex model and the patch-corridor-matrix model) are inadequate or insufficient in regard to high-mountains. The altitude is the main factor determining the multi-dimensionality of the high-mountain landsca...

Between A.D. 900 and 1150, more than 200,000 conifer trees were used to build the prehistoric great houses of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, in what is now a treeless landscape. More than one-fifth of these timbers were spruce (Picea) or fir (Abies) that were hand-carried from isolated mountaintops 75-100 km away. Because strontium from local dust, water, and underlying bedrock is incorporated by tr...

MUNISHI, P. K. T., SHEAR, T. H., WENTWORTH, T. & TEMU, R. A. P. C. 2007. Compositional gradients of plant communities in submontane rainforests of eastern Tanzania. This study classified plant communities and examined the environmental correlates of community compositions in two submontane rainforests on the ranges of Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania. Using agglomerative cluster analysis, indica...

The impact of mountains and ice sheets on the large-scale circulation of the world’s oceans is investigated in a series of simulations with a new coupled ocean–atmosphere model [Oregon State University–University of Victoria model (OSUVic)], in which the height of orography is scaled from 1.5 times the actual height (at T42 resolution) to 0 (no mountains). The results suggest that the effects o...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Population genetic analyses provide information on the population context in which evolutionary processes operate and are important for understanding the evolution of geographically variable traits. Earlier studies showed that cone structure of lodgepole pine in the Rocky Mountains diverged among populations because of geographic variation in coevolutionary interactions inv...

Protected areas (PAs) on tropical mountains undergo greater forest destruction in their lower altitudes. We compared the extent of forested, nonforested, and fragmented areas between lowland (o 1000 m asl) and montane zones of the Blue Mountains inside the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park established in Jamaica in 1993. We found that in 2008, inside the montane zone, only 4 percent of...

INTRODUCTION Recent volcanic activity of Io generally does not produce conical mountains. Instead, their lava run out in thin, long flows. Volcanic centers are typically large, deep calderas cut into the interpatera plains. Bright lava flows on Io can mostly be associated with sulfur lavas, with no visible escarpments that would indicate higher viscosity material. From temperature measurements ...

Mountains receive a greater proportion of precipitation than other environments, and thus make a disproportionate contribution to the world's water supply. The Luquillo Mountains receive the highest rainfall on the island of Puerto Rico and serve as a critical source of water to surrounding communities. The area's role as a long-term research site has generated numerous hydrological, ecological...