Estimates suggest that each year millions of birds, predominantly Neotropical migrating songbirds, collide with communication towers. To determine the relative collision risks that different nighttime Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) communication tower obstruction lighting systems pose to night-migrating birds, we compared fatalities at towers with different systems: white strobe lights o...

Railway level crossings are amongst the most complex of road safety control systems, due to the conflicts between road vehicles and rail infrastructure, trains and train operations. Driver behaviour at railway crossings is the major collision factor. The main objective of the present paper was to evaluate the existing conventional warning devices in relation to driver behaviour. The common conv...

Giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are rare skin lesions that affect approximately 1 in 20,000 live births. GCMN must be followed up closely because of its association with an increased risk malignant degeneration. We report a newborn giant lession 14 cm diameter which was located on the chest and multiple satellite were present body. The patient required phototherapy due to hyperbilirubi...

BACKGROUND Neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia is a common occurrence in newborns. Although most cases of neonatal jaundice have a benign course, severe hyperbilirubinemia can lead to kernicterus, which is preventable if the hyperbilirubinemia is identified early and treated appropriately. CONTENT This review discusses neonatal jaundice and the use of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measur...

Gunn rats, a mutant strain of rats, suffer from autosomal recessive hyperbilirubinemia. The homozygotes (j/j) develop jaundice soon after birth and often exhibit kernicterus and cerebellar hypoplasia that are due to bilirubin. Therefore, j/j Gunn rats have been used as an animal model of bilirubin encephalopathy, as well as of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. In this review, we discuss morphologica...

Rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn can lead to complications such as hyperbilirubinaemia, kernicterus and anaemia. Postnatal management consists mainly of intensive phototherapy, exchange transfusion and blood transfusion. During the last decades, significant progress in prenatal care strategies for patients with Rhesus haemolytic disease has occurred. New prenatal management options have...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to define the minimum academic content required for pediatricians to recognize the risk of kernicterus. METHODS A questionnaire was developed on the basis of American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines seeking to develop a consensus for pediatricians in training on the theoretical content about neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. To validate the instrument, we...

Severe hyperbilirubinemia can induce devastating and permanent neurodevelopmental handicaps in infants. The occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia is higher in late preterm than in term infants, ranging from 8 to 40% of the formers according to different definitions of hyperbilirubinemia. The mechanisms by which this occurs is not completely understood, however an increased bilirubin load on hepatocy...

Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) is the constellation of neurologic sequelae following milder degrees of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia than are associated with kernicterus. Clinically, BIND may manifest after the neonatal period as developmental delay, cognitive impairment, disordered executive function, and behavioral and psychiatric disorders. However, there is controversy regard...

Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is the commonest problem in Hong Kong neonates.1 It is most likely to be unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Dramatic change was observed in last three decades with a sharp drop in incidence of kernicterus. This improvement was achieved through the concerted effort of the communi ty, neonato log ists, communi ty medical practitioners, health nurses. Significant effort was p...