To reduce the GHG emissions of IP over WDM networks, we introduce renewable energy usage at each network node and design the networks considering the state of renewable energy available at each node location. Results indicate that the designed network can save up to 50% or more non-renewable energy consumption in the example scenarios considered here compared with the design method which simply...

The paper aims to show that implementing different types of reflectors in solar energy systems, will dramatically improve energy production by means of concentrating and intensifying more sunlight onto a solar cell. The Solar Intensifier unit is designed to increase efficiency and performance of a set of solar panels. The unit was fabricated and tested. The experimental results show good improv...

Clustering is an effective technique that can greatly contribute to overall system scalability, lifetime, and energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we propose an energy efficient clustering algorithm for WSNs based on the LEACH algorithm. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is one of the most well known energy efficient clustering algorithms for WSNs....

Alternative energy is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel. These alternatives are intended to address concerns about such fossil fuels. Today, because of the variety of energy choices and differing goals of their advocates, defining some energy types as "alternative" is highly controversial. Most of the recent and existing alternative sources of energy are discussed below. K...

This paper examines the differences between author generated keywords and automatically generated keywords in one area of scientific and technical literature. Using inverse frequency, keywords produced using both methods are examined using a maximum likelihood algorithm. By reducing the scope and size of the corpus of literature examined, this study more closely emulates the information gatheri...