نتایج جستجو برای: keywords top income shares
تعداد نتایج: 2175684 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Abstract. Examining the householdschr ('39')s income distribution in the provinces of the country is one of the great importance from a planning point of view. In this article, first, the income level of households was estimated by the proxy means test method, and then the ratio of households in the first two deciles was estimated based on the income level in each of the Iranchr ('39')s provinc...
This paper primarily investigates the issue of labour welfare in Indian industries, and seeks to make a contribution to the debate on labour reforms currently underway in India. It investigates the relative importance of technical change, elasticities of substitution, and labour regulations for labour welfare, proxied by the income shares of skilled and unskilled labour in total costs. Three pr...
This paper estimates the dynamic effects of marginal tax rate changes on income reported on tax returns in the United States over the 1950-2010 period. After isolating exogenous variation in average marginal tax rates in structural vector autoregressions using a narrative identification approach, I find large positive effects in the top 1% of the income distribution. In contrast to earlier find...
abstract nowadays, industries cannot play a crucial role in national and international competitions. the tourism industry is no exception. tourism industry development as the most important economic sector and income generation is one of the key challenges of economic development in the world. therefore, countries were successful that take advantage of the capabilities of tourism sector using ...
In this paper, a developing voice-mail system is described which extracts keywords from continuously spoken mail. In this keyword extraction, a bottom-up approach to hypothesize the keywords and a top-down approach to verify them are integrated. First, a phoneme sequence is recognized in bottom-up mode, then keywords are hypothesized on the phoneme sequence. Finally, keyword candidates are veri...
We investigate household income/expenditure inequality using survey data for the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1961. Previous studies employed tax unit or wage rate data. Between 1937/8 and 1953/4, we find little change in incomes below top 5 per cent 10 cent. This is consistent with By 1961, was notably higher than 1953/4. Three trends might account this: growth shares of non-working multiple-wo...
Fishery production is a very important income source in the world for many people. Many people earn their living in this field. Turkey has four seas and many fresh water resources so it is one of the most advantageous countries in the world in the context of fishery production. However, it cannot be said this sector has been given enough importance in Turkey. Whereas the fishing industry has be...
A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...
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