Mitochondrial dysfunction has gained recognition as a contributing factor in many diseases. The kidney is a kind of organ with high energy demand, rich in mitochondria. As such, mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Despite the recognized importance mitochondria play in the pathogenesis of the diseases, there is limited understandi...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an advanced scientific technology that can provide strong ability to assist in analysis and diagnosis of almost every type data, therefore; AI widely used medical fields, which applied the early detection diseases. Kidney disease one common diseases are diagnosed necessary treatments suggested by artificial intelligence. In this research, a logic system was used....

Chronic kidney disease, defined by a decreased glomerular filtration rate or albuminuria, is recognized as a major global health burden, mainly because it is an established risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The magnitude of the effect of chronic kidney disease on incident stroke seems to be higher in persons of Asian ethnicity. Since the kidney and brain share unique ...

Introduction Anatomical notes on the kidney Cadaveric changes in the kidney Pathological changes in the kidney Classification of renal disease How to examine the diseased kidney Examination of ureter and bladder Relationship of diseased kidney to other systems Causes of renal disease The Urine Examination of the urine Modification of natural constituents of the urine Substances found in the uri...

The global increase in the incidence of kidney failure constitutes a major public health problem. Kidney disease is classified into acute and chronic: injury (AKI) associated with an abrupt decline function chronic (CKD) renal for more than three months. Although both syndromes are multifactorial, inflammation oxidative stress play roles diversity processes leading to these malfunctions. Here, ...

Once again the Twin Cities of St Paul and Minneapolis are resplendent in their brilliant Minnesota fall foliage (and presidential election campaign signs). A new bridge over the Mississippi River has been raised and opened since last year. The detritus of the Republican convention 4 weeks ago has been swept away; the same cannot yet be said for the mess arising from the current financial crisis...