The ability to recognize actions is important for cognitive development and social cognition. Areas in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex show increased activity when subjects view action sequences; however, whether this activity distinguishes between specific actions as necessary for action recognition is unclear. We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation paradigm to test for...

The effects of an artificial bloom of the toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium minutum, upon physiological parameters of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were assessed. Diploid and triploid oysters were exposed to cultured A. minutum and compared to control diploid and triploid oysters fed T. Isochrysis. Experiments were repeated twice, in April and mid-May 2007, to investigate eff...

s and presentations Jardine, P.M., T.L. Mehlhorn, I.L. Larsen. 2001. Quantifying time-dependent physical and chemical processes that influence the migration of chelated radionuclides in fractured shale. Fractured Rock 2001. March 26-28, 2001, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Jardine, P.M., M.A. Mayes, T.L. Mehlhorn, and S.C. Brooks. 2001. Reactive transport of chelated radionuclides through weathered ...

The human brain consists of a network of regions that are engaged when one observes the movements of others. Observing unexpected movements, as defined by the context, often elicits greater activity, particularly in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). This implies that observers use contextual information to form expectations about an agent's goal and subsequent movements. The ...

ANG converting enzyme (ACE) 2 (ACE2) is a homologue of ACE, which is not blocked by conventional ACE inhibitors. ACE2 converts ANG 1-10 (ANG I) to ANG 1-9, which can be hydrolyzed by ACE to form the biologically active peptide ANG 1-7. ACE2 is expressed in the kidney, but its precise intrarenal localization is unclear, and the role of intrarenal ACE2 in the production of ANG 1-7 is unknown. The...

The secreted protein pattern of Streptomyces lividans depends on the carbon source present in the culture media. One protein that shows the most dramatic change is the high-affinity phosphate-binding protein PstS, which is strongly accumulated in the supernatant of liquid cultures containing high concentrations (>3 %) of certain sugars, such as fructose, galactose and mannose. The promoter regi...

The cortical hierarchy of the human visual system has been shown to be organized around retinal spatial coordinates throughout much of low- and mid-level visual processing. These regions contain visual field maps (VFMs) that each follows the organization of the retina, with neighboring aspects of the visual field processed in neighboring cortical locations. On a larger, macrostructural scale, g...

Breast cancers require the presence of estrogens for the maintenance of growth at some time in the course of their development, as does normal breast tissue. Sulfation is an important process in the metabolism and inactivation of steroids, including estrogens, because the addition of the charged sulfonate group prevents the binding of the steroid to its receptor. Also, many of the therapeutic a...

Here we show how to derive the EM-Based update rules (EMBP-L, EMBP-G, EMSPL, EMSP-G) that are used in [4] as bias estimators for SAT. The main idea of the derivation can be viewed as recharacterizing the bias estimation task as a maximumlikelihood parameter estimation task that can be solved by variational methods like EM (Expecatation Maximization). The basic framework can actually be applied ...

We present a system for on-line, cumulative learning of hierarchical collections of frequent patterns from unsegmented data streams. Such learning is critical for long-lived intelligent agents in complex worlds. Learned patterns enable prediction of unseen data and serve as building blocks for higher-level knowledge representation. We introduce a novel sparse n-gram model that, unlike pruned n-...