In this article, we investigate the emergence of modern environmentalism in Kurdistan Region (Iraq), a de facto state which ecological well-being is under serious strain. Social mobilizations Middle East have been depicted as confrontational and opposing authorities. Studies environmental activism region also highlighted conflictual relations between social actors holders power. stress need to ...

Fatalism and Rationality are two separate valuable attributes. In Rationalism and rationality, the active and creative role of human is emphasized, meaning ignorance aversion, imagination aversion, illusion removal and superstition removal. This concept is the opposite of the concept of fatalism in which human has the minimum activity and the emphasis is very much on the role of trans-physics i...

This study investigates traumatic experiences of the main character in Gharbi M. Mustafa’s novel When Mountains Weep, based on Judith Herman’s conceptualization trauma her book Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath Violence - from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. Being road, Kurds are either internally displaced, migrating, or oppressed assimilated politically. prevention language, confiscation...

This paper focuses on how the paramilitary organisations of Turkish state have transformed and been used over time as a ‘useful’ tool against dissidents, especially Kurds. Paramilitary groups one main actors in war between PKK, which has ongoing for nearly forty years. These sometimes auxiliary forces at other times made into death squads operating alongside official armed forces, they mainly K...

Abstract While the Palestinian struggle has received widespread support from non-Palestinian activists across North America and Europe, Kurdish in Turkey, which is similar to cause important ways, not such extensive non-Kurdish activists. Existing explanations do fully account for this difference. I argue that variation non-diasporic part a product of impact differences between diasporas West h...

Este artigo apresenta um breve panorama da atual disputa pela liderança do movimento nacional curdo entre o KDP iraquiano e PKK de origem turca, histórico das organizações, suas profundas diferenças ideológicas como a que se dá no distrito Shingal ilustra maior conflito interno política curda. Palavras-chave: Curdos; Nacionalismo; confederalismo democrático. ABSTRACTThis article presents brief ...

Casual observation reveals that groups of people interact on many levels simultaneously. Examples include political party formation and interaction; the interaction of Sunnis, Shias and Kurds in the Government of Iraq; and labor union and confederation formation. In this paper, a model of hierarchical group structures is developed. The model generalizes the existing coalitional theory in severa...

This commentary seeks to examine the extent which Kurdish liberation projects are free from global colonial continuities. While discussion on colonialism and Kurdistan typically centres Kurds’ relationships with their immediate colonisers, it obscures at least two forms of continuities in projects. A decolonial perspective built coloniality concept enables these Firstly, manifestation politico-...