the effect of symmetric (non-symmetric) foreign exchange rate shocks on iranian agricultural import and exports was explored throughout the current research.. time series of 1973-2007 along with hodrick and prescott filter method were employed. the results as obtained through vector error correction and johnson model indicated that positive (negative) shocks introduce positive (negative) effect...

of letters, shown clearly by Laurence Brockliss and Eric Hamraoui. As well as corresponding widely with his contemporaries, Tissot has left us with abundant source material on the patient/ doctor relationship. His detailed diagnostic letters as well as the patients' requests allow historians, such as Frederic Sardet, Philip Rieder and Vincent Barras, to examine eighteenth-century conceptions of...

Mehra and Prescott (1985) found the difference between average equity and debt returns puzzling because it was too large to be a premium for bearing nondiversifiable aggregate risk. Here, we re-examine this puzzle, taking into account some factors ignored by Mehra and Prescott–taxes, regulatory constraints, and diversification costs–and focusing on long-term rather than short-term savings instr...

Solar radiation plays a pivotal role in the energy balance at Earth's surface, evaporation, snow melting, water requirements of plants, and hydrological control catchments. In this work, performance ERA-Interim (a reanalysis dataset) was examined to estimate solar Ahvaz, BandarAbbas, Kermanshah weather stations representing even spatial distribution over Iran using eight empirical models an art...

Supply chains are composed of distributed, heterogeneous and autonomous elements, whose relationships are dynamic. Agricultural supply chains, in particular, have a number of distinguishing features e.g., they are characterized by strict regulations to ensure safety of food products, and by the need for multi-level traceability. Contracts in such chains need sophisticated specification and mana...