An improved molybdenum blue spectrophotometry using a soluble membrane filter and CaCO(3)-column was proposed for determining arsenic in drinking water supplied from ground water in the presence of phosphate. A 100 mL sample solution containing 0.5 - 10 μg arsenic was passed through a CaCO(3)-column to remove phosphate, arsenate (As(V)). Arsenite (As(III)) which was not retained on the column...

in this article, the effect of cells' radius on the behavior of wavelength switching optical filter andthe effect of the radius of the optical filters' key characteristics such as wavelength resonance onan optical filter based on photonic crystals, have been investigated. currently, the most commonapplied mechanism for designing optical filter based on photonic crystals is using twomechanisms s...

We present a method by which every multidimensional (MD) filter with a n arbitrary parallelepiped-shaped passband support can be designed and implemented efficiently. We show that all such filters can be designed starting from a n appropriate one-dimensional prototype filter and performing a simple transformation. With D denoting the number of dimensions, we hence reduce the complexity of desig...

High-order filters, such as inductor-capacitor-inductor ( LCL) filter, have been popular in grid-tied power converters. Although featuring small size, LCL filters are not grid friendly due to inherent resonance, especially when a large number of converters parallel operation todays electric attain modularity, reliability, and redundancy advantages. Thus, this article reconsiders the low-order L...

Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channels are similar in structure and function to voltage-gated potassium channels. Sequence similarity and functional analyses suggest that the HCN pore is potassium channel-like, consisting of a selectivity filter and an activation gate at the outer and inner ends, respectively. In GYG-containing potassium channels, the selectivity...

In this paper we perform asymptotic analysis of run-length distributions of the Recursive Median (RM) filter, for which we rely on Finite State Machine (FSM) representation. We observe radical reduction of complexity of the FSM by standard state reduction techniques, which facilitates statistical analysis. Finally, we discuss the benefits of using the RM sieve instead of the RM filter. We consi...

We investigated how achromatic and chromatic cues interact to produce transparency. Observers were shown six-region stimulus displays similar to those used by R. Kasrai and F. A. A. Kingdom (2001) and made adjustments of the color and luminance attributes of one of the filter regions to achieve the best percept of transparency. The dependent measure of primary interest was setting reliability, ...

annihilation or reduction of each kind of noise blended in correct data signals is a field that has attracted many researchers. it is a fact that fuzzy theory presents full capability in this field. fuzzy filters are often strong in smoothing corrupted signals, whereas they have simple structures. in this paper, a new powerful yet simple fuzzy procedure is introduced for sharpness reduction in ...