Biological functions - studied by molecular, systems and behavioral biology - are referred to as proximate mechanisms. Why and how they have emerged from the course of evolution are referred to as ultimate mechanisms. Despite the conceptual and technical schism between the disciplines that focus on each, studies from one side can benefit the other. Experimental evolution is an emerging field at...

The study was conducted to determine the specific chemical constituents of cattle urine and indigenous plant extracts. Chemical analysis revealed that the specific chemical composition i.e., chloride, sulphate, nitrite and phosphorus pentaoxide contents of fresh and fermented cattle urine were 1556, 364, 2.0, 26.8 and 4514, 252, 22.4, 7.49 mg l-1, respectively. The proximate chemical compositio...

MAPL is a journaling file system providing advanced data management features like snapshots and clones. It is also designed to show read/write performance near that of raw disk access for both random and sequential access patterns. Further, the system is designed to show stable I/O performance over time, regardless of the workload placed on it. Important goals of the design are that MAPL seeks ...

Because there is not definite scientific knowledge about posttraumatic neurosis, a psychiatrist involved in evaluating allegations of psychiatric impairment in negligence law cases can make only a circumscribed contribution. Nevertheless, the contribution can be an important one.

in this paper, we investigate the l-fuzzy proximities and the relationships betweenl-fuzzy topologies, l-fuzzy topogenous order and l-fuzzy uniformity. first, we show that the category of-fuzzy topological spaces can be embedded in the category of l-fuzzy quasi-proximity spaces as a coreective full subcategory. second, we show that the category of l -fuzzy proximity spaces is isomorphic to the ...

Consider a set P of points in the plane sorted by x-coordinate. A point p in P is said to be a proximate point if there exists a point q on the x-axis such that p is the closest point to q over all points in P. The proximate point problem is to determine all the proximate points in P. Our main contribution is to propose optimal parallel algorithms for solving instances of size n of the proximat...

Strong reciprocity (SR) has recently been subject to heated debate. In this debate, the "West camp" (West et al. in Evol Hum Behav 32(4):231-262, 2011), which is critical of the case for SR, and the "Laland camp" (Laland et al. in Science, 334(6062):1512-1516, 2011, Biol Philos 28(5):719-745, 2013), which is sympathetic to the case of SR, seem to take diametrically opposed positions. The West c...

The opportunity cost model offers an ultimate explanation of ego depletion that helps to move the field beyond biologically improbable resource accounts. The model's more proximate explanation, however, falls short of accounting for much data and is based on an outdated view of human rationality. We suggest that our own process model offers a better proximate account of self-control fatigue.

ISSN: 0033-0124 (Print) 1467-9272 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rtpg20 Proximate Landscapes of Economic Inclusion in Southeastern Pennsylvania Ian M. Dunham & Alec Foster To cite this article: Ian M. Dunham & Alec Foster (2015) Proximate Landscapes of Economic Inclusion in Southeastern Pennsylvania, The Professional Geographer, 67:1, 132-144, DOI: 10.1080/00330124.20...

This piece of work was directed towards the study of the proximate chemical composition to compare the effect of the different salt concentrations on the nutritive value of fish. In both fresh fish and fassiek (salted fish). Proximate analysis targeted the determination of moisture%, protein%, ash%, fat and pH.