6 This paper devises a simulation model that combines insights from the evolutionary perspective 7 on the division of labor with ideas from the labor process literature. It characterizes technical change 8 and the development of a modular production process as the outcome of technological search and of 9 organizational problem solving where the conflict between workers and firms over decision r...

2 A sizable share of unemployment can be attributed to frictions in the labor market. The simultaneous existence of vacancies and job seekers proves that job search requires effort and time. To improve the efficiency of this process, many countries offer active labor market policies. Evaluating how these programs affect job prospects of job seekers is crucial for effective policy making and for...

Many archaeologists still rely predominately on string, line level, tape measure, pen and paper to draw floor plans and profile walls. This is a time consuming and labor intensive process that can suffer greatly from human error. This paper describes a software system for generating archaeological floor plans and profile walls that minimizes the error inherent in traditional methods and reduces...

INTRODUCTION Since the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990’s, Japan’s industrial society experienced a drastic increase in individual employment disputes. At the same time, union management disputes have been clearly on the decline since the 1980’s. To cope with such a structural change of labor disputes, it was necessary to restructure the labor dispute resolution system, which wa...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to calculate the child labor rate and establish the factors affecting this phenomenon in the less developed provinces of Iran. METHODS This study has used the secondary data of population and housing census gathered by Iranian Statistical Center in 2011. The data belonged to 14859 children between 10 and 14 of 9 less developed provinces of Iran. A multiple regressi...

Giving birth is a natural process and most women have to go through it. Gynecologist or Midwife usually uses the leg holder to position the cervix in the stitching process. In some part of rural areas in Indonesia, the labor process normally being done at homes by calling in a midwife or gynecologist. The facilities for this kind of labor process is not yet sufficient, as the use of leg holder ...

Notch signaling pathways exert effects throughout pregnancy and are activated in response to TLR ligands. To investigate the role of Notch signaling in preterm labor, Notch receptors (Notch1-4), its ligand Delta-like protein-1, transcriptional repressor hairy and enhancer of split-1, and Notch deregulator Numb were assessed. Preterm labor was initiated on gestation d 14.5 by 1 of 2 methods: 1) ...

The purpose of this article is to gain deeper insights into the development process led by international technology transfer and its implications for employment generation by reviewing case studies. It is argued that conventional rice research has fallen in the region of diminishing returns and, hence, greater research resources should be allocated to nonrice research and research based on new ...

PROBLEM Preterm neonates are highly susceptible to infection. Neonatal host defense against infection seems to be maintained by the temporal presence of immunosuppressive CD71+ erythroid cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether umbilical cord CD71+ erythroid cells are reduced in neonates born to women who undergo spontaneous preterm labor/birth. METHOD OF STUDY Umbilical cord b...

Regio~lal variations in labor costs attract a great deal of attention because of their poterttial to affect the regional distribution of eco~lomic activity. Because of the tnajor role that labor costs play in total production costs, regional differences in labor costs Inay translate into dramatic regional differences in profitability. Profitability, in turn, is a major determinant of a~hether o...