Epsilon toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D, an anaerobic bacterium that causes enterotoxaemia in ruminants. In the affected animal, it causes oedema of the lungs and brain by damaging the endothelial cells, inducing physiological and morphological changes. Although it is believed to compromise the intestinal barrier, thus entering the gut vasculature,...

The interaction of mucosal lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells is thought to be important in regulating immune response in the intestinal mucosa, but conclusive evidence is limited. Here we demonstrate the expression of IL-7 mRNA in human intestinal mucosa by combined reverse transcription PCR and Southern blot hybridization. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization confirm the pr...

The intestinal mucosa normally displays minimal inflammation despite the close proximity between mucosal macrophages and lumenal bacteria. Macrophages interact with bacteria and their products through CD14, a surface receptor involved in the response to LPS, and CD89, the receptor for IgA (FcalphaR). Here we show that resident macrophages isolated from normal human intestine lack CD14 and CD89....

OBJECTIVE To establish the detrusor overactivity (DO) model induced by visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and investigate the relationship between mast cell (MC) infiltration and DO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty rats are divided into 4 groups randomly: Group 1:Baseline group; Group 2: DO group; Group 3: CON group; Group 4: VH group. The colorectal distension (CRD) and abdominal withdral reflex (AW...

Colorectal adenomas are foci of dysplastic mucosa that may antedate the development of a colorectal cancer. In this work we investigated 62 colonic polyps. A close examination revealed that in some adenomatous glands facing the muscularis mucosa a group of dysplastic cells were missing. Those glandular defects were connoted as glandular pores. Many glands with pores were dilated and had retaine...

The study was conducted on a total of three adult healthy freshly killed red foxes of both sexes weighing about 46 kg collected from Abou Rawwash, Giza, Egypt. The wall of trachea and bronchi formed of mucosa, submucosa and adventitia. The mucosa formed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium and lamina propria. The respiratory epithelium composed of tall columnar ciliated, goblet cells, basal ...

UNLABELLED Many techniques were applied to treat patients with sulcus vocalis and scarred vocal folds. Their results were not good enough. In the Technique of Vocal Fold Pediculated Mucosa Flap, an anterior pediculated flap of vocal fold is positioned on the superficial layer of the lamina propria, below the free margin. AIM To describe histological postoperative findings on the superficial l...

BACKGROUND Gingival overgrowth was reported as a side effect after chronic administration of several drugs, which, despite their different pharmacological effect, seem to have the gingival mucosa as a secondary target. The thickness of the gingival epithelium and fibrosis in the lamina propria are unspecific changes that together determine the enlargement of the gingival mucosa, but the molecul...

Tissue macrophages are derived exclusively from blood monocytes, which as monocyte-derived macrophages support HIV-1 replication. However, among human tissue macrophages only intestinal macrophages are non-permissive to HIV-1, suggesting that the unique microenvironment in human intestinal mucosa renders lamina propria macrophages non-permissive to HIV-1. We investigated this hypothesis using b...

IL-15 shares biological activities but no significant sequence homology with IL-2. It induces T cell recruitment to sites of inflammation, T cell proliferation, and cytokine production and rescue from apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of IL-15 and its effects on proinflammatory cytokine production in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Immunohistochemistry demonstrate...