In industrialised countries there is a 95% probability that in 2030, male life expectancy at birth will be in excess of 80 years [1]. As a consequence, there will be an increasing incidence of chronic and non-communicable diseases, as well as an increasing worldwide population of “chronically critical” patients due to respiratory diseases. These conditions, combined with high and sometimes unre...

The research community over the past several years has put a great effort into studying the potential impacts of a changing climate. But the issues that face the world today encompass greater change than just that of climate. For instance, there are changes due to population dynamics (such as migration), economics, and the way that land is used. Water resources are affected specifically by chan...

Urban growth compromises open space and ecosystem functions. To mitigate the negative effects, some agencies use reserve selection models to identify conservation sites for purchase or retention. Existing models assume that conservation has no impact on nearby land prices. We propose a new integer program that relaxes this assumption via adaptive cost-coefficients. Our model accounts for the tw...

For an optimum use of natural resources in the sustainable development trend, there is a need to identify ecological resources in the shortest period of time and minimum possible cost. In this article, we aimed Management ecosystem by Assessment of plant covers changes at Taleghan Township in a twenty year period. Percentage of landscape and number of patch were among the metrics that were calc...