The etiology of patellar tendinopathy (jumper's knee) has been attributed to a significant increase in patellar tendon torques associated with jumping. While some investigators have suggested that patellar tendon torques are greater during takeoff, little is known about the relative magnitudes of patellar tendon torques during takeoff and landing. We hypothesized that peak patellar tendon torqu...

In this paper we describe two approaches for solving the problem of scheduling aircraft landing times. In this problem, the air tra c controller must compute a landing time for each aircraft in the horizon, and must attempt to minimise costs whilst observing a number of hard constraints. The costs are associated with aircraft landing times varying from the preferred landing time. The hard const...

A leg-wheel robot with four mechanically separated legs and two wheels is highly mobile and stable on rough terrain. We discuss the strategy for the robot movement over large rough terrain, classifying topographical features into 13 patterns of combined terrain surface. To traverse all classified terrain, we propose three adaptive gaits: (1) Step-up gait in which frontfoot landing is higher tha...

Lower extremity sagittal kinematic and kinetic data are summarized alongside electrical muscle activities during single-leg landing trials completed in contrasting external load and landing height conditions. Nineteen subjects were analyzed during 9 landing trials in each of 6 experimental conditions computed as percentages of subject anthropometrics (bodyweight: BW and subject height: H; BW, B...

Reversion of an episomal Lac- allele during lactose selection has been studied as a model for adaptive mutation. Although recent results show that the mutations that arise during selection are not "adaptive" in the original sense, the mutagenic mechanism that produces these mutations may nonetheless be of evolutionary significance. In addition, a transient mutational state induced in a subpopul...

We provide a dynamic theory of endogenous constitutions by relating the emergence of political institutions to different development patterns. These scenarios give rise to different constitutional designs depending on the relative power and interests of the different population groups during the transition. We focus in particular on efficiency and redistribution aspects the public sector. Const...

This paper deals with the study and comparison of passive and active landing gear system of  the aircraft and dynamic responses due to runway irregularities while the aircraft is taxying. The dynamic load and vibration caused by the unevenness of runway will result in airframe fatigue, discomfort of passengers and the reduction of the pilot’s ability to control the aircraft. One of the objectiv...

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common occurrence in sports requiring stop-jump tasks. Single- and double-leg stop-jump techniques are frequently executed in sports. The higher risk of ACL injury in single-leg drop landing task compared to a double-leg drop landing task has been identified. However the injury bias between single- and double-leg landing techniques has not been i...