Among the most obvious but generally overlooked differences between printed documents and video presentations is the orientation of the display medium. Paper-based documents throughout the world historically have been and continue to be predominantly portrait-oriented — taller than they are wide — whereas television screens and computer monitors are predominantly landscape-oriented — wider than...

Peculiarities of the spatial behaviour of the dislocation lines resulting from scattering of coherent radiation from random and fractal rough surfaces are studied. The technique of optical correlation is proposed for diagnostics of phase singularities in a complex speckle field by comparing the correlation lengths of amplitude and intensity of the local fields. It is shown that the dislocation ...

The composition of a landscape is a fundamental indicator in land-cover pattern assessments. The objective of this paper was to evaluate a landscape composition indicator called 'landscape mosaic' as a framework for interpreting land-cover dynamics over a 9-year period in a 360,000 km2 study area in the southern United States. The indicator classified a land parcel into one of 19 possible lands...

Efficient survey methodologies that provide comprehensive assessment of reef condition are fundamental to coral reef monitoring. Current state-of-the-art techniques in coral reef assessment rely on highly trained scientific divers to measure indices of reef health (e.g., substrate cover, species richness, coral size, coral mortality). First-generation video mosaics were an innovative survey tec...

One of the main barriers to implementing SUDS is concern about performance and maintenance costs since there are few well-documented case-studies. This paper summarizes studies conducted between 2000 and 2008 of the performance and maintenance of four SUDS management trains constructed in 1999 at the Hopwood Park Motorway Service Area, central England. Assessments were made of the wildlife valu...

Aim Agriculture is one of the greatest pressures on biodiversity. Regional studies have shown that presence natural habitat and landscape heterogeneity are beneficial for biodiversity in agriculture, but it remains unclear whether their importance varies geographically. Here, we use local data to determine which variables most associated with patterns association between tropical non-tropical r...

ABSTRACT Riparian forests are important ecosystems that support an enormous biodiversity in Brazil. Despite being protected under Brazilian legislation, these suffer great impact from the fragmentation of habitats. Orchid bees a key group pollinators Neotropical region, yet few data available on assamblage structure riparian forests. We evaluated role fragments and terra-firme forest conservati...

In the United States, National Park Service Civil War battlefield units are managed for both historical accuracy (i.e., to represent landscape conditions at time of conflict interpretation), and natural resource protection. However, managing goals can create conflicts as many battlefields were largely open or in second growth forests historically, but now harbor significant forest resources aft...

despite the close relationship between collective memory and urban structure, as the relationship between what is hidden and what is visible, rapid changes throughout the city have caused a disconnection between integrated memories and landscape cohesion. as a context for memories, the historical urban landscape proves valuable. the present research seeks to identify elements and signs in urban...