surface roughness of engineering parts is very significant property that effectively influences on the wear and fatigue strength. there are many methods for improving surface quality of engineering parts such as grinding, lapping and honing. one of the methods for improving surface quality is roller burnishing. roller burnishing improves surface quality of engineering parts by means of cold wor...

The seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete structures built with plain reinforcing bars is sometimes conditioned by the slippage between and surrounding in elements as exterior beam-column joints. anchorage beam core joint weak confinement, inappropriate reinforcement detailing for loads poor bond properties are common reasons collapse many structures. This paper presents results four unidire...

We present a class of generalized mean field (GMF) algorithms for approximate inference in exponential family graphical models which is analogous to the generalized belief prop­ agation (GBP) or cluster variational meth­ ods. While those methods are based on over­ lapping clusters, our approach is based on nonoverlapping clusters. Unlike the cluster variational methods, the approach is proved t...

 Thinning of micromachined wafers containing trenches and cavities to realize through-chip interconnects is presented. Successful thinning of wafers by lapping and polishing until the cavities previously etched by deep reactive ion etching are reached is demonstrated. The possible causes of damage to the etched structures are investigated. The trapping of particles in the cavities is studied a...

selecting an appropriate manufacturing machine is a very important and complex problem for firms, which usually have to deal with both qualitative and quantitative criteria. taking into account the differences among machines in terms of cost, speed, quality and after sale services, type and number of machines are important parameters to consider. therefore, the goal of this paper is to propose ...