background: anemia has been a very important nutritional disorder in the world. india has reported high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy. most of the articles have reported an adverse pregnancy outcome related to anemia. of late, reports are emerging suggesting anemia could be indeed beneficial. apart from that, there was no consistency in the timing of hemoglobin considered for analysis. henc...

background: according to who and unicef emphasison breastfeeding as an essential strategy in child growth and survival,nevertheless, there is a significant space in breastfeeding and whorecommendation in iran yet. this study aimed to assessing the effective factorsof breast feeding behavior based on health belief model constructs among womenin third trimester of pregnancy referee to health care...


 Hemorrhoids during pregnancy is one of the problems that pregnant women often complain about. It estimated around 25-35 percent experience this condition, also known as hemorrhoids. usually begin to appear at week 25 or in last trimester pregnancy. are a physiological so therapy aimed overcoming complaints, namely with preventive measures and animation. New surgery performed if animation...

Several recent empirical studies document the frequent occurrence of sniping the act of submitting last-second bids in online auctions. At rst glance, sniping would appear to be super uous, given the second-price structure of online auctions. This conclusion, however, neglects the sequential arrival of new auctions and the implicit option value of losing the current auction. The option is the e...

Background Identifying predictors of the probabilities of conception related to the timing and frequency of intercourse in the menstrual cycle is essential for couples attempting pregnancy, users of natural family planning methods, and clinicians diagnosing for possible causes of infertility. The aim of this study is to estimate the days in which the likelihood of conception happened by using f...

OBJECTIVES A variety of biological, biochemical, and biophysical markers implicated in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia during the last two decades have instigated the growing interest in this study to include both βhCG and lipid profile studies in the early second trimester as early predictors of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Early identification of at-risk women may help in taking timel...

The first trimester of pregnancy starts with the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) and continues until the end of the twelfth week. Although, conception normally occurs two weeks after the LMP, the LMP is chosen as the start of the first trimester because it is a recognizable sign for most women. The term menstrual age and gestational age are used interchangeably, but should not be c...

The administration of estrogens to man produces sustained elevation above normal levels of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) (1, 2). The elevated levels of plasma 17-OHCS are associated with an augmented response of plasma levels of these steroids to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and with a marked delay in the rate of clearance of exogenous cortisol from plasma (2). The ...

BACKGROUND Although several studies have investigated the association between maternal exposure to air pollution and preterm birth, the results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to further investigate the relation between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) in an Iranian pregnant population. MATERIALS A...