In the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice latently infected with the herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant in1814, there are more neurons that contain latency-associated transcripts (LATs) than in DRG of mice infected with a dose of equal infectivity of either a revertant or a wild-type virus. We investigated whether higher levels of LAT+ neurons resulted in more extensive reactivation either in vi...

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) establishes a life-long latent infection in peripheral neurons. This latent reservoir is the source of recurrent reactivation events that ensure transmission and contribute to clinical disease. Current antivirals do not impact the latent reservoir and there are no vaccines. While the molecular details of lytic replication are well-characterized, mechanisms co...

Herpes simplex virus type-1 latency and CD8+ T-cell occurrence were investigated in the trigeminal, geniculate, and vestibular ganglia from seven deceased humans. The HSV-1 "latency-associated transcript" was assessed by in situ hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR. Infiltration of CD8+ T cell was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. The data show that HSV-1 latency and CD...

Results from Southern hybridization and PCR amplification experiments using a randomly synthesized reverse transcription-PCR product showed that peripheral blood leukocytes from horses showing no clinical signs of disease expressed a putative latency-associated transcript antisense to and overlapping the 3' end of the equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) immediate-early gene (gene 64). A PCR product der...

Patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty for prior herpes simplex keratitis (group A) and corneal disease unrelated to herpes simplex (group B) were investigated to assess whether the cornea is a site for herpes simplex viral latency. All patients were seropositive for herpes simplex viral antibody. Virus was isolated from the tear film postoperatively in one patient and on cocultivation fr...

Using a cornea trigeminal ganglion model, we have investigated transcription by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) during latency in mice. Latency was verified 2 months postinoculation by reactivation of HSV-2 after explant cocultivation of trigeminal ganglia from the majority of mice (83%). Transcription during latent HSV-2 infection was limited to the repeat regions of the viral genome as de...

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) affinity and avidity changes have been assumed to mediate adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 for T-cell conjugation to dendritic cells (DC). Although the T-cell receptor (TCR) and LFA-1 can generate intracellular signals, the immune cell adaptor protein linker for the activation of T cells (LAT) couples the TCR to downstream events. He...