The urban heat island phenomenon occurs as a mixed result of anthropogenic heat discharge, decreased vegetation, and increased artificial impervious surfaces. To clarify the contribution of each factor to the urban heat island, it is necessary to evaluate the surface heat balance. Satellite remote sensing data of Tainan City, Taiwan, obtained from Terra ASTER and Formosat-2 were used to estimat...

Water cooling by ambient takes place with two mechanisms of heat and mass transfer. Using packings at wet cooling towers has disadvantages such as obstruction, reduction of life expectancy and production of algae and fungi. In shower cooling towers types of towers packings are completely removed and water intake is in direct contact and heat transfer takes place in two ways of latent and sensib...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion EGU Abstract We present estimates of turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum derived from low level (∼30 m) aircraft measurements over the tropical Eastern Pacific and provide empiri...

Information on mass and energy exchange at the soil surface under vegetation is a critical component of micrometeorological, climate, biogeochemical and hydrological models. Under sparse boreal and western conifer forests as much as 50% of incident solar energy reaches the soil surface. How this energy is partitioned into evaporating soil moisture, heating the air and soil remains a topic of sc...