Abstract Steel sheet pile walls are being widely used in civil engineering projects for support systems. Soil is not uniform in depth, sometimes may be exit loose or soft soil layer in various depth. This issue can cause different effects on ground surface displacements, forces and moments acting on sheet piles and struts during excavation procedure, compared with status that soil is uniform...

A new functionalised graphene sheet (FGS) filled poly(dimethyl)siloxane insulator nanocomposite has been developed with high dielectric constant, making it well suited for applications in flexible electronics. The dielectric permittivity increased tenfold at 10 Hz and 2 wt.% FGS, while preserving low dielectric losses and good mechanical properties. The presence of functional groups on the grap...

The discovery of Novoselov et al. (2004) of a simple method to transfer a single atomic layer of carbon from the c-face of graphite to a substrate suitable for the measurement of its electrical and optical properties has led to a renewed interest in what was considered to be before that time a prototypical, yet theoretical, two-dimensional system. Indeed, recent theoretical studies of graphene ...

Graphene is a hexagonally bonded sheet of carbon atoms that exhibits superior transport properties with a velocity of 108 cm /s and a room-temperature mobility of 15 000 cm2 /V s. How to grow gate dielectrics on graphene with low defect states is a challenge for graphene-based nanoelectronics. Here, we present the growth behavior of Al2O3 and HfO2 films on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite HOPG...

Control synthesis of high quality large-area graphene on transition metals (TMs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most fascinating approach for practical device applications. Interaction of carbon atoms and TMs is quite critical to obtain graphene with precise layer number, crystal size and structure. Here, we reveal a solid phase reaction process to achieve Cu assisted graphene growth...

Chemical doping has been demonstrated to be an effective method for producing high-quality, large-area graphene with controlled carrier concentrations and an atomically tailored work function. The emergent optoelectronic properties and surface reactivity of carbon nanostructures are dictated by the microstructure of atomic dopants. Co-doping of graphene with boron and nitrogen offers the possib...

Atomic hydrogen exposures on a monolayer graphene grown on the SiC(0001) surface are shown to result in hydrogen intercalation. The hydrogen intercalation induces a transformation of the monolayer graphene and the carbon buffer layer to bi-layer graphene without a buffer layer. The STM, LEED, and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal that hydrogen atoms can go underneath the...

Robust methods to tune the unique electronic properties of graphene by chemical modification are in great demand due to the potential of the two dimensional material to impact a range of device applications. Here we show that carbon and nitrogen core-level resonant X-ray spectroscopy is a sensitive probe of chemical bonding and electronic structure of chemical dopants introduced in single-sheet...

We report a theoretical study showing that by utilizing the illumination of an external laser, the Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) signals on the graphene sheet can be modulated in the sub-micron scale. The SPP wave can propagate along the graphene in the middle infrared range when the graphene is properly doped. Graphene's carrier density can be modified by a visible laser when the graphene s...

We describe light scattering from a graphene sheet having a modulated optical conductivity. We show that such modulation enables the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons by an electromagnetic wave impinging at normal incidence. The resulting surface plasmon polaritons are responsible for a substantial increase of electromagnetic radiation absorption by the graphene sheet. The origin of the ...