Defects of hemostasis in patients with cancer have been first described by Trousseau in 1865, and Morrison studied altered coagulation in patients with malignancy as early as 1932. The first described abnormality of hemostasis in malignancy was that of hypercoagulability and thrombosis and the first large survey of blood changes in cancer patients showed accelerated bleeding times in over 60% o...

Human migration is frequently cited as a potential social outcome of climate change and variability, and these effects are often assumed to be stronger in the past when economies were less developed and markets more localized. Yet, few studies have used historical data to test the relationship between climate and migration directly. In addition, the results of recent studies that link demograph...

Early anatomists referred to parts of the brain as 'posterior' and 'anterior.' But after comparing many primate brains, Gratiolet noticed a pattern of folds or sulci and convolutions marked by fissures of increasing complexity in the more advanced mammalian brains. The primary fissures he could also identify in the smoother ape brains. He was the first to separate four brain lobes (frontal, par...

a casual reference to the authority, practice or opinion of any Indian Surgeon. "Take lithotomy for example, the fullest and most elaborate details are quoted of the practice of British and Continental Surgeons, yet not a word on the subject relates to India, where some of our graduates have cut as many men successfully for stone as the greatest lithotomists Europe ever saw. ... I might refer t...

The present study redescribes four species of Neanthes Kinberg, 1865 (Nereididae de Blainville, 1818) based on their type specimens collected from different worldwide localities: chilkaensis (Southern, 1921) India, N. galetae (Fauchald, 1977) Panama, helenae (Kinberg, 1865) St Helena Island, and mossambica (Day, 1957) Mozambique. morphology the types was re-examined for first time after were or...

This study evaluates atmospheric concentrations of soil and Pb aerosols, and blood lead levels (BLLs) in 367839 children (ages 0-10) in Detroit, Michigan from 2001 to 2009 to test a hypothesized soil → air dust → child pathway of contemporary Pb risk. Atmospheric soil and Pb show near-identical seasonal properties that match seasonal variation in children's BLLs. Resuspended soil appears to be ...

XVI. yüzyıldan itibaren Kafkasya’yı hâkimiyeti altına almaya yönelik bir politika izlemeye başlayan ve 1864 yılında Kuzey işgal eden Rusya, bölgede yaşayan Çerkesleri Osmanlı Devleti topraklarına göç etmeye zorlamıştır. 1850’lerde Çerkes göçleri 1862-1865 yılları arasında yoğunlaşmış 1860’ların sonuna kadar devam etmiştir. Sürekli isyanların yaşandığı Balkanlar’da Çerkeslerin savaşçılığından ya...