The Markov random field (MRF) theory has been accepted as a highly effective framework for designing noise-tolerant nanometer digital VLSI circuits. In MRF-based design, proper feedback lines are used to control noise and keep the circuits in their valid states. However, this methodology has encountered two major problems that have limited the application of highly noise immune MRF-based circui...

In this paper we analyse empirically the effects of ownership unbundling of gas transmission networks on the level of end-user prices. Based on a panel out of 29 OECD countries over 18 years we apply advanced approaches like the fixed effects estimator with robust standard errors and the corrected Least Squares Dummy Variable estimator (LSDVC) by Bruno (2005). Controlling for the oil price, the...

Web development projects are certainly different from traditional software development projects and, hence, require differently tailored measures for accurate effort estimation. In this paper, we investigate the suitability of a newly proposed size measure for web development projects: Web Objects. Web Objects have been specifically developed for sizing web applications and used for estimating ...

An inclusive merger mechanism became one option for the Nigerian banking industry in response to a Central Bank of Nigeria’s policy to increase the minimum paid-up share capital requirement of Nigerian banks from N2 billion to N25 billion in July 2004, with December 31, 2005 as deadline. More than half of the 89 banks in Nigeria as at July 2004 were engaged in one form of merger. The study obje...

in this paper, optimal design of hybrid solar-wind- diesel energy system with battery storage for reliable load in arsoon village in ardabil is presented. the village has 35 households that mean daily energy consumption is estimated 63.4 kwh. in this design optimization is implemented, considering loss of power supply probability (lpsp) index for reliable load providing, with minimum total cons...

Quantitative securing of green space in already developed cities has many practical limitations due to socio-economic limitations. Currently, South Korea is planning a network secure and inject effective space, but it difficult reflect the actual plan abstract plan. This study utilizes circuit theory least-cost path methods for presenting that objectified applicable spatial planning. First, an ...

Abstract The movement of past peoples in the landscape has been studied extensively through use least cost path (LCP) analysis. Although methodological issues applying LCP analysis archaeology have frequently discussed, effect DEM error on results not fully assessed. Due to this, reliability result is undermined, jeopardising how well method can confidently be used model movement. To strengthen...