Dehairing is one of the highly polluting operations in the leather industry. The conventional lime-sulfide process used for dehairing produces large amounts of sulfide, which poses serious toxicity and disposal problems. This operation also involves hair destruction, a process that leads to increased chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solid (TSS) l...

Generating effective employment opportunities is one of the principal challenges faced by development planners in Iran. If investment projects are undertaken on the basis of sectoral priorities in production and employment, the economic and social problems emanating from unemployment will be reduced, helping the Country’s process of development. In this paper, an attempt is made to identify key...

An inventory of chromium emission into the atmosphere and water from anthropogenic activities in China was compiled for 1990 through to 2009. We estimate that the total emission of chromium to the atmosphere is about 1.92×10⁵ t. Coal and oil combustion were the two leading sources of chromium emission to the atmosphere in China, while the contribution of them showed opposite annual growth trend...

Chromium (Cr) is the most important element used to leather industry is still considered to be the most important industries which pollute the environment by chromium metal. Removal of heavy metals dissolved at low concentrations in water and wastewaters is often a problem that can be solved in different ways. This paper describes a study conducted to determine the recovery of chromium from tan...

This article presents an analysis of the process of industrialization and urbanization of the Sinos Valley in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, starting from the establishment of leather goods and footwear manufacturing in the region during the 19th century when tanneries and factories producing footwear and/or components for footwear began to appear, and with special attention to aspects relate...

Asurlu tüccarlar, Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Dönemi’nde, Anadolu’daki şehir devletlerinde Asur’dan getirdikleri temel ürünler olan kalay ve çeşitli yün kumaşların dışında, Anadolu menşeli bakır gibi ürünlerin de ticaretini yaparak kazançlarını artırma gayreti içinde olmuşlardır. Tüccarların yaptıkları bu ürünlere yine şehirlerinden tedarik edilen deri ya da post eklenebilir. Kültepe tabletlerinde ...