Background: Advocacy is one of the most important institutions that can play a constructive role in the process of achieving justice. The presence of a lawyer in judicial trials will greatly facilitate the discovery of the truth and the prevention of encroachments and violations of citizens' rights. The necessity and importance of the right of defense have made it possible for advanced legal an...

the dynamism of the verity proposition has led to its being used in various issues and sciences as the founder for the general and constant principles. the principles of jurisprudence, as a science that is the founder for general rules to arrive at legal rulings, utilizes this proposition in many subdivisions of uṣūl (principles) as well as in resolving problems. in fact, if we do not take the ...

The question of the universality of human rights has much in common with the question of the universality of ethics. In the form of a multidisciplinary reflexive survey, the aim of this article is to show how human rights discourses derive from more basic principles related to basic needs. These needs are the universal grammar for moral principles, which will be distinguished from ethical norms...