All crop species are current or ancient polyploids. Following whole genome duplication, structural and functional modifications result in differential gene content or regulation in the duplicated regions, which can play a fundamental role in the diversification of genes underlying complex traits. We have investigated this issue in Brassica napus, a species with a highly duplicated genome, with ...

We introduce and explore an approach to estimating statistical significance of classification accuracy, which is particularly useful in scientific applications of machine learning where high dimensionality of the data and the small number of training examples render most standard convergence bounds too loose to yield a meaningful guarantee of the generalization ability of the classifier. Instea...

Abstract Of all the semantic domains, colour terms have attracted largest amount of attention, notably from a typological point view. However, there is much more to be discovered. A search cross-linguistic lexical database African languages (RefLex) reveals several previously undetected areal colexification patterns and shared lexico-constructional in genetically balanced sample 401 languages. ...

Summary Ten specific names plus those of three varieties, which refer to the four currently recognised species Parkia in Africa and Madagascar ( P. bicolor A.Chev. , biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G.Don filicoidea Welw. Oliv., madagascariensis R.Vig.), are listed. Their types enumerated with lectotypes indicated where necessary a few cases, second-step lectotypification is made. Two further invalid...