(Algebra) It’s a complex projective manifold C of dimension one. As such, it has a field of rational functions K(C) of transcendence degree one over the field C of scalars. The curve can be recovered from the field as the set of discrete valuation rings of K/C, which has the “natural” structure of a projective manifold. There is a canonical line bundle ωC , whose degree captures the genus via d...

A classical theorem of Steinitz [I& p. 1251 states that the characteristic of an algebraically closed field, together with it.s absolute degree of transcendency, uniquely det,ermine the field (up to isomorphism). It is easily seen that the word real-closed cannot be substituted for the words algebraically closed in this theorem. It is therefore natural to inquire what invariants other than the ...

1) The isomorphy type of a finite field K is given by its cardinality |K|, i.e., if K and L are such fields, then K ∼= L iff |K| = |L|. 1) The isomorphy type of an algebraically closed field K is determined by two invariants: (i) Absolute transcendence degree td(K), (ii) The characteristic p = char(K) ≥ 0. In other words, if K and L are algebraically closed fields, then K ∼= L iff td(K) = td(L)...

Given a valuation on the function field k(x, y), we examine the set of images of nonzero elements of the underlying polynomial ring k[x, y] under this valuation. For an arbitrary field k, a Noetherian power series is a map z : Q → k that has Noetherian (i.e., reverse well-ordered) support. Each Noetherian power series induces a natural valuation on k(x, y). Although the value groups correspondi...

We define and prove basic properties of Riemann surfaces, which we follow with a discussion of divisors and an elementary proof of the RiemannRoch theorem for compact Riemann surfaces. The Riemann-Roch theorem is used to prove the existence of a holomorphic embedding from any compact Riemann surface into n-dimensional complex projective space Pn. Using comparison principles such as Chow’s theor...

Let F be a finite field with q elements and of characteristic p. In this q paper, we construct a family of geometric Z -extensions over global p function field k of transcendence degree one over F and study the q asymptotic behavior of class numbers in such Z -extensions. By the analog p of the Brauer]Siegel theorem in function fields, it suffices to investigate w x the genus of each layer of s...

In this paper, we propose a new height function for a variety defined over a finitely generated field overQ. For this height function, we will prove Northcott’s theorem and Bogomolov’s conjecture, so that we can recover the original Raynaud’s theorem (Manin-Mumford’s conjecture). CONTENTS Introduction 1 1. Arakelov intersection theory 3 2. Arithmetically positive hermitian line bundles 6 3. Ari...

When we speak about a function field of one variable over a field K, we mean a finitely generated regular extension F of K of transcendence degree 1. We briefly recall the definitions of the main objects attached to F/K and their properties. See the books [Che51] or [Sti93] for details. A more comprehensive survey can be found [FrJ08, Sections 3.1-3.2]. A K-place of F is a place φ: F → K̃ ∪ {∞} ...

Baumard et al. attribute morality to a naturally selected propensity to share costs and benefits of cooperation fairly. But how does mundane mutualism relate to transcendent notions of morality critical to creating cultures and civilizations? Humans often make their greatest exertions for an idea they form of their group. Primary social identity is bounded by sacred values, which drive individu...

Whether and how awe impacts inspiration lacks sufficient empirical research. We conducted five studies (N = 941) to examine the – link mediating effect of self-transcendence. found that promoted inspiration, which was indexed by an actual behavior indicator, others’ ratings (Study 1), multiple self-reported scales (Studies 2–4). Self-transcendence mediated this 3–4). The on self-transcendence w...