<p><span>Automatic licence plate recognition (LPR) has been a subject of study for the last few decades. Considering recent advancements in machine learning methods and portable devices, this increasingly attracting researchers’ interest to provide more reliable LPR systems. Several techniques have reported literature different intelligent transportation applications surveillance sy...

In this paper, a widely developed learning machine algorithm called Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is used to recognize Indonesia vehicle license plates. The includes grayscale, binary, erosion, dilation and convolution processes, as well the process of smearing, location determination character segmentation before ELM applied. one crucial rarely performed technique for extraction plates, namel...

BACKGROUND Graduated driver licensing (GDL) adds an intermediate stage to driver licensing between the learner permit and full licensure stages that is intended to ameliorate the high risk of novice drivers. OBJECTIVES To assess the contribution of various elements of GDL to reduction in the crash rates of young novice drivers. METHODS An extensive review of the literature was undertaken to...