The paper provides an overview and comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions associated with fossil, nuclear and renewable energy systems. In this context both the direct technology-specific emissions and the contributions from full energy chains within the Life Cycle Assessment framework are considered. Examples illustrating the differences between countries and regional electricity mixes are als...

this paper is to develop a knowledge management (km) model in some iranian academic research centers (arc) based on km critical success factors. general km critical success factors (csf) were identified through literature review. then the research procedure led to the identification of km critical success factors in iranian arcs including 16 different factors. it was done through first stage su...

Software Performance Engineering is receiving increasing attention in today’s software dominated world. Compared to research work in performance evaluation in hardware and networks, this field is still in its nascent stage. Many methods have been proposed but majority of them are unable to adapt in the software development life-cycle dominated by professionals without substantial performance en...

--Product Service Systems (PSS) is a concept which means product and service are integrated to meet customer requirements. It has many applications in several industries. In current researches, Product Life Cycle Modelling and Service Engineering (SE) are main methodologies to design and model PSS. This paper proposes a framework of service life cycle integrating product life cycle. Each stage ...

In comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of materials, there is a mismatch between the current practice and existing guidelines regarding functional unit definition. The purpose this study to develop practice-based framework for defining units in LCAs materials provide guidance which situations different types are relevant. A literature review identified three units: (i) reference flo...