Meloidogyne incognita is a common root-knot nematode with a wide range of plant hosts. We aimed to study the metabolites produced at each stage of the nematode life cycle to understand its development. Metabolites of Meloidogyne incognita were extracted at egg, J2, J3, J4, and female stages and 110 metabolites with available standards were quantified using CE-TOF/MS. Analyses indicated abundanc...

Nodules formed on the roots of actinorhizal plants as a consequence of nitrogen-fixing symbioses with the actinomycete Frankia appear to result from modification of the developmental pathway that leads to lateral root formation. Presently no information exists about factors that control this developmental switch or, until now, about genes that are differentially expressed as a result of an alte...

Objective: Drought stress is most important factor which reduce root and shoot growth in crops. This study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and Zn fertilizer on root traits of four cultivars of chickpea. Methods: Experiment was laid out in a split plot-factorial using randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress treatment stand in main...

During 1951 and 1952 various leguminous plants from the grounds, gardens, and greenhouses of Vassar College were collected and examined for the presence of root nodules. On the day of collection nodules were plated with medium # 79 (Fred and Waksman, 1928). Nodules from soybeans, clover, peas, beans, alfalfa, lespedeza, hairy vetch and birdsfoot trefoil contained viable rhizobia. On the same da...

Rhizobia are soil bacteria that are able to form symbiosis with plant hosts of the legume family. These associations result in the formation of organs, called nodules in which bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen to the benefit of the plant. Most of our knowledge on the metabolism and the physiology of the bacteria during symbiosis derives from studying roots nodules of terrestrial plants. Here we...

5 Introduction 6 Introduction to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) 6 The life cycle of Meloidogyne species 8 Integrated pest management and biological control 11 Nematophagous fungi 12 Pochonia chlamydosporia (syn. Verticillium chlamydosporium) 12 Materials and Methods 14 Results and Discussion 15 P. chlamydosporia as a control agent of root knot nematodes 15 Conclusions 21 References 23

Plants associate with a wide range of mutualistic and parasitic biotrophic organisms. Here, we investigated whether beneficial plant symbionts and biotrophic pathogens induce distinct or overlapping regulatory pathways in Medicago truncatula. The symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and this plant results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules requiring the activation of specific ...

In the symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes, host plants can form symbiotic root nodules with multiple rhizobial strains, potentially showing different symbiotic performances in nitrogen fixation. Here, we investigated the presence of mixed nodules, containing rhizobia with different degrees of mutualisms, and evaluate their relative fitness in the Sinorhizobium meliloti-Medicago sativa model...