چکیده در این پژوهش با استفاده از داده‎های حاصل از 107 نفر از اعضای تعاونی‎های تولید کشاورزی، درجه اهمیت تنگناهای پیش‎روی تعاونی‎های تولیدی با بهره‎گیری از معیار آنتروپی بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان می‎دهد که نبود برنامه‎ریزی جامع بلندمدت از سوی مدیران و اعضای تعاونی‎ها در زمینه اقدامات بازاریابی در زمان تولید محصولات و پس از تولید با وزن (1/0)، وجود عوامل واسطه‎ای و دلالان در هنگام فروش محصول از سوی...

INTRODUCTION Pain is a common emergency department (ED) complaint. It is important to understand the differences in pain perception among different ethnic and demographic populations. METHODS We applied a standardized painful stimulus to Caucasian and Latino adult patients to determine whether the level of pain reported differed depending on ethnicity (N=100; 50 Caucasian [C], 50 Latino [L] p...

In this paper, we deal with the issue of variability in different measures of linguistic acceptability. It has been argued that acceptability, when measured with the magnitude estimation method (ME), reveals the underlying gradience of linguistic judgments, while other measures, like Likert-scale judgments (e.g. on a 7-point scale) do not provide the same amount of information about the gradien...

Few orthopedic surgical residency programs offer international health electives (IHEs). Efforts to expand these programs have been increasing across medical disciplines. Whether orthopedic residents will participate remains unknown. This study quantified and characterized orthopedic resident interest and barriers to IHEs in US residency programs. A web-based survey was administered to residents...