the existing works considering the flow-based discount factor in the hub and spoke problems, assume that increasing the amount of flow passing through each edge of network continuously decreases the unit flow transportation cost. although a higher volume of flow allows for using wider links and consequently cheaper transportation, but the unit of flow enjoys more discounts, quite like replacing...

NRL’s Chesapeake Bay lasercom test facility (LCTF) offers a variety of ranges for researching free-space optical laser communication (FSO lasercom) links in a maritime environment. This paper discusses link performance over the 16 km one-way range at the LCTF. There are several methods to determine the link quality in FSO lasercom. Bit-error-rate (BER) testing and packet testing are two possibl...

This study aimed to review the layout of the patient compartment in a UK ambulance for paramedic efficiency and safety using: (1) link analysis; (2) postural analysis. Paramedics were observed over 16 shifts (130 h) carrying out a range of clinical tasks. The most frequently occurring clinical tasks were checking blood oxygen saturation, oxygen administration, monitoring the heart and checking ...

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Most clusters so far have used WAN or LAN-based network products for communication due to their market availability. However, they do not always match communication patterns in clusters, thus incurring extra overhead. Based on our investigation for such overhead, we have optimized cluster communication at link layer. Partitioning each message in 16-byte packets, our optimization uses two techni...

Sub-fs X-ray pulse generation in kilometre-scale FEL facilities will require sub-fs long-term timing stability between optical sources over kilometer distances. We present here key developments towards a completely fiber-coupled, pulsed optical timing distribution system capable of delivering such stability. First, we developed a novel 1.2-km dispersion-compensated, polarizationmaintaining fibe...

The existing works considering the flow-based discount factor in the hub and spoke problems, assume that increasing the amount of flow passing through each edge of network continuously decreases the unit flow transportation cost. Although a higher volume of flow allows for using wider links and consequently cheaper transportation, but the unit of flow enjoys more discounts, quite like replacing...

Standard TCP is the de facto reliable transfer protocol for the Internet. It is designed to establish a reliable connection using only a single network interface. However, standard TCP with single interfacing performs poorly due to intermittent node connectivity. This requires the re-establishment of connections as the IP addresses change. Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) has emerged to utilize multiple ...