A new and important concept in global warming economics and policy is the social cost of carbon or SCC. This concept represents the economic cost caused by an additional ton of carbon-dioxide emissions or its equivalent. The present study describes the development of the concept as well as its analytical background. We estimate the SCC using an updated version of the RICE-2011 model. Additional...

Vegetation indices (VI), such as greenness (GVI), perpendicular (PVI), transformed soil adjusted (TSAVI), and normalized difference (NDVI), measure the photosynthetic size of plant canopies and portend yields. A set of equations, called spectral components analysis (SCA), that interrelates VI or cumulative seasonal VI (Y'.VI), leaf area index (L), fractional photosynthetically active radiation ...

Seed cotton yield and fiber qualities may be significantly altered by a number of agronomic practices. The present study investigates the effect of nitrogen levels on cotton cultivar's seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits. Three cotton cultivars (NIAB-111, CIM496 and FH901) were tested against four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha) to check reliability, the highest yielding and g...

radius and thcn approximately express the lines in broken lines [8]. In this paper we present algorithms by using In this paper we choose the run length code as a statistic/geometric features and simulating human primary expression of line drawings for it may contain vision mechanism to extract lines and arcs for all information and is easy to extract skeletons of lines. vcctoriration of engine...

The van Lint-Wilson AB-method yields a short proof of the Roos bound for the minimum distance of a cyclic code. We use the AB-method to obtain a different bound for the weights of a linear code. In contrast to the Roos bound, the role of the codes A and B in our bound is symmetric. We use the bound to prove the actual minimum distance for a class of dual BCH codes of length q2− 1 over Fq. We gi...

A complex trait like crop yield is determined by its component traits. Multivariable conditional analysis in a general mixed linear model is helpful in dissecting the gene expression for the complex trait due to different effects, such as environment, genotype, and genotype× environment interaction. A recursive approach is presented for constructing a new randomvector that can be equivalently u...

I. The identifiable parent property and some first results about it If C is a q–ary code of length n and a and b are two codewords, then c is called a descendant of a and b if ct ∈ {at, bt} for t = 1, . . . , n. We are interested in codes C with the property that, given any descendant c, one can always identify at least one of the ‘parent’ codewords in C. We study bounds on F (n, q), the maxima...

Various field experiments were conducted during the 1997 and 1998 cotton season involving macro and micronutrient fertilization. A total of six experiments were conducted at various locations in Arizona. Each of the field experiments studied the effects of different nutrients and nutrient combinations on both Upland and Pima varieties. The purpose of these experiments were to evaluate Universit...