Until recently, sample preparation was carried out using traditional techniques, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), that use large volumes of organic solvents. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) uses much less solvent than LLE, although the volume can still be significant. These preparation methods are expensive, time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. Recently, a great effort has been ma...

For the first time, a novel and efficient ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted in-situ solvent formation microextraction (IL-UA-ISFME) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) has been successfully developed for the determination of duloxetine (DLX) in human plasma. Herein, an environmentally-friendly hydrophobic ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidaz...

Um método simples de microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva com solidificação da gota orgânica flutuante (DLLME-SFO), prévio à espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama, foi usado com sucesso na separação e pré-concentração de cobre em amostras de cabelo humano e chá. O método proposto é simples, barato e altamente preciso. Neste estudo, a otimização de parâmetros experimentais que influenc...

a simple, inexpensive and efficient method was used for extraction and determination of fexofenadine and levocetirizine with three–phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. several parameters influencing the extraction recoveries such as the nature of organic extraction solvent, ph of donor and acceptor phases, stirring rate, extraction time and...

a simple and rapid microextraction procedure based on the application of magnetic nanoparticles and hydrophobic 1-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate [hpy][pf6] ionic liquid (il) was applied to trace determination of gatifloxacin. a mixture of [hpy][pf6] and magnetic nanoparticles was injected into the sample solution containing the analyse of interest and a cloudy solution was formed. after ce...

Triazole fungicides are systemic fungicides applied to protect crops from fungus infections. Its use must be controlled due to the potential harmful effects in environment and human health. Before determination with a chromatographic system, analyte must be isolated and preconcentrated with an extraction step. This review presents the most used microextraction techniques for those compounds in ...

in this work, a procedure for preconcentration of silver using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with the reagent dithizone as complexing reagent was developed. at ph 2, silver ions are complexed with dithizone and extracted into the fine droplets formed when mixing carbon tetrachloride (extraction solvent), ethanol (disperser solvent) and the sample solution. after extraction, the phase...