Transversus abdominal plane (TAP) block has a long history and there is currently extensive clinical experience around TAP blocks. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the present evidence on the effects of TAP block and to provide suggestions for further studies. There are several approaches to performing abdominal wall blocks, with the rapid implementation of ultrasound-guided te...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hemorrhoidectomy may be performed under several anesthetic techniques and in outpatient regimen. Postoperative pain is severe and may delay discharge. This study aimed at evaluating bilateral pundendal nerves block for post- hemorrhoidectomy analgesia. METHODS Bilateral pundendal nerves block with 0.25% S75:R25 bupivacaine was performed with nerve stimulator in 35 pa...

BACKGROUND Caudal analgesia is commonly employed to provide excellent intra- and postoperative analgesia for primary hypospadias repair in children. Several additives to local anesthetics are commonly employed to increase the block duration, although these have uncertain benefits. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether, in caudal analgesia with levobupivacaine 0.25%, the addition of S (+)...

Several recently developed analgesic techniques effectively control pain after major orthopaedic surgery. Neuraxial analgesia provided by epidural and spinal administration of local anesthetics and opioids provides the highest level of pain control; however, such therapy is highly invasive and labor intensive. Neuraxial analgesia is contraindicated in patients receiving low-molecular-weight hep...

An erbium:YAG laser can be used to achieve an effect termed “laser analgesia”. This is based on the concept that "simultaneous low level laser therapy" (LLLT) may occur along with high level laser treatment, as outlined by by Ohshiro and Calderhead. Laser analgesia is a non-destructive, non-thermal bio-modulation of dental pulp responses. It is not profound anaesthesia (the lack of all sensatio...

Dehorning dairy calves is a necessary practice that should be conducted as early as possible and with appropriate anesthetic/analgesia. With the possible exception of caustic paste, calves perceive and react to acute pain during dehorning when no local anesthetic is used. Additional analgesia has been shown to be beneficial in calves dehorned at or beyond eight weeks of age. A routine dehorning...

The most commonly used technique for lower limb surgeries is Spinal anesthesia, as it economical, easy, effective and has less complications. Adjuvants are added with local anaesthetics intrathecally. Opioids adjuvants to improves the quality of intraoperative analgesia prolongs postoperative analgesia. To observe compare effect intrathecal bupivacaine fentanyl butorphanol on onset duration sen...

BACKGROUND Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are new local anesthetics that have effects similar to bupivacaine. However, the relative potency of these two drugs is controversial. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess whether a combination of 0.06% levobupivacaine and 0.0002% fentanyl had the same effects as 0.08% ropivacaine and 0.0002% fentanyl on the mode of delivery and other ...

STUDY DESIGN A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of postoperative continuous epidural analgesia versus patient-controlled analgesia in patients undergoing lumbar fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Controversy remains regarding the optimal strategy for postoperative pain control. METHODS Fifty-four patients were divided into two treatme...

This article reviews mechanisms by which local anesthetics may compromise the fetus during conduction analgesia in obstetrics. In addition to presenting pertinent information about perinatal pharmacology of local anesthetics, the author discusses comparative effects of 2-chloroprocaine and amide-linked compounds. Recommendations are made for prevention of maternal hypotension and local anesthet...