Topographic maps, which maintain the spatial order of neurons in the order of their axonal connections, are found throughout the nervous system. In the visual retinotectal projection, ELF-1, a ligand in the tectum, and its receptors in the retina show complementary gradients in expression and binding, indicating they may be positional labels for map development. Here we show that ELF-1 acts as ...

OBJECTIVES Magnetic fields have been shown to affect cell proliferation and growth factor expression in cultured cells. Although the activation of endorphin systems is a recurring motif among the biological events elicited by magnetic fields, compelling evidence indicating that magnetic fields may modulate opioid gene expression is still lacking. We therefore investigated whether extremely low ...

ELF/VLF waves can be generated via amplitude modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet, which turns a patch of ionospheric currents into a radiating antenna. A new, more powerful technique, termed `geometric modulation', involves scanning the HF beam in geometric patterns with no power modulation. Utilizing results obtained from the HAARP facility, we show that geometric modulation enhance...

Several members of the Ets (E26 transformation specific) transcription factor family are involved in tumor progression, e.g. by activating matrix metalloproteases. Ets proteins share a unique DNA-binding domain, the Ets domain, which specifically recognizes GGAA/T-containing sequences common in many promoters. While the roles of quite a number of Ets proteins in carcinogenesis have been well es...

Total body weight of newborns, the volume of spleen, and the number of megakaryocytes decreased following the exposure to ELF-MF (6 x 10(-3) T and 50 Hz) at 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16-20 days of pregnancy of mice. The complete period of gestation was sensitive to ELF-MF exposure; the initial days were more prone to exposure. The results suggest that the use of ELF-MF producing instruments should ...

Increasing knowledge has accumulated relating to the effect of cigarette smoking on cells and other constituents in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Such knowledge is important for the correct evaluation of BAL results. When BAL records are interpreted, smoking has to be considered as a major confounding factor. In this issue of the Journal, BuRKE et al. [1] add a new aspect to the adverse e...

The degree of -electron (de)localization and aromaticity of a series of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs) has been analyzed through the π-contribution to the electron localization function (ELFπ), calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) hybrid density functional theory level. The extent of -electron delocalization in the various hexagons of a PBH was determined through analysis of the bifurcation...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between occupational exposure to extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and Parkinson's disease. METHODS We systematically searched publications reporting risk estimates of Parkinson's disease in workers exposed to ELF-MF. Summary relative risks were obtained with random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 11 studies. To assign exposure,...