abstract the proper management of a watershed depends on recognition of effective elements and investigation of their behavior in different conditions. till date, many researches have studied the role of topographical general characteristics on hydrologic behaviors. whereas, the changeability of hydrologic properties under different conditions, especially in iranian watershed has been rarely ta...

bstract. We develop a method for automatic colorization of imges (or two-dimensional fields) in order to visualize pixel values nd their local differences. In many applications, local differences in ixel values are as important as their values. For example, in topogaphy, both elevation and slope often must be considered. Gradientased value mapping (GBVM) is a technique for colorizing pixels ase...

Single-scattering imaging consists of two steps: wavefield extrapolation, to reconstruct source and receiver wavefields from recorded data, and imaging, to extract from the extrapolated wavefields the locations where reflectors occur. Conventionally, the imaging condition indicates the presence of reflectors when the propagation time of reflections in the source and receiver wavefields match. T...

Single-scattering imaging consists of two steps: wavefield extrapolation, whose goal is to reconstruct source and receiver wavefields from recorded data, and an imaging, whose goal is to extract from the extrapolated wavefields the locations where reflectors occur. Conventionally, the imaging condition indicates the presence of reflectors when the propagation time of reflections in the source a...

Characterizing the effects of landscape features on genetic variation is essential for understanding how landscapes shape patterns of gene flow and spatial genetic structure of populations. Most landscape genetics studies have focused on patterns of gene flow at a regional scale. However, the genetic structure of populations at a local scale may be influenced by a unique suite of landscape vari...

The functional relationship between erosion rate and topography is central to understanding both controls on global sediment flux and the potential for feedback between tectonics, climate, and erosion in shaping topography. Analysis of a high-resolution (10-m-grid) DEM transect across the convergent orogen of the Olympic Mountains reveals a non-linear relation between long-term erosion rates an...