Mixed-phase clouds dominate low-level Arctic clouds in cold seasons and have a significant impact on the surface energy budget. However, the treatment of mixed-phase clouds in most current climate models is crude because the detailed microphysical processes involved in mixed-phase clouds are not completely understood, primarily owe to the paucity of cloud observations in the past. Improving mix...

Mixed-phase clouds dominate low-level Arctic clouds in cold seasons and have a significant impact on the surface energy budget. However, the treatment of mixed-phase clouds in most current climate models is crude because the detailed microphysical processes involved in mixed-phase clouds are not completely understood, primarily owe to the paucity of cloud observations in the past. Improving mix...

The MYSTIC three-dimensional Monte-Carlo radiative transfer model has been extended to simulate solar and thermal irradiances with a rigorous consideration of topography. Forward as well as backward Monte Carlo simulations are possible for arbitrarily oriented surfaces and we demonstrate that the backward Monte Carlo technique is superior to the forward method for applications involving topogra...

A combination of satellite data, reanalysis products and climate models are combined to monitor changes in water vapour, clear-sky radiative cooling of the atmosphere and precipitation over the period 1979-2006. Climate models are able to simulate observed increases in column integrated water vapour (CWV) with surface temperature (Ts) over the ocean. Changes in the observing system lead to spur...

Global information of cloud ice water path (IWP) is urgently needed for testing of global climate models (GCMs) and other applications. Accurate quantification of the IWP is essential for characterizing the hydrological and radiation budget. For example, the reflection of shortwave radiation by ice clouds reduces the solar energy reaching the earth’s surface. Ice clouds can also trap the longwa...

Mobile sinks wireless sensor networks (MSWSNs) are composed of a large number of densely deployed sensor nodes with some data collection mobile devices (such as PDA or notebook) to collection sensing data from the networks. In this paper we investigate a novel routing mechanism for the mobile sinks that combine spatiotemporal topology which we called regional radiation topology algorithms to pe...