2-Pyrrolidinones are important scaffolds found in numerous pharmacologically active compounds, such as brivaracetam and levetiracetam (antiepileptic drugs) or piracetam pramiracetam (age-related memory impairment drugs). Among the targets, nootropic agents represent an attractive class of compounds since they selectively improve cognitive functions. In this study, we report successful translati...

Steam pretreatment is one of the most efficient pretreatment technologies employed prior to enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosics to obtain high polysaccharide conversion. In this study, steam pretreatment of non-impregnated hemp hurds was investigated at two reactor scales (2 and 10 L) by varying the temperature from 200–230 °C. Glucan recoveries were relatively high (> 82 % of original con...

A pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor was built and used to study and gain a better understanding of the propylene polymerization process at conditions similar to those of industrial fluidized-bed reactors. Propylene polymerization reaction was carried out continuously in the reactor and dynamic temperatures, and propylene and hydrogen concentrations data were collected. Simulated dynamic profile...

-A rigorous dynamic model of anaerobic biofilm reactor (Mussati et al., 1998) is used to optimize and evaluate different loading strategies in anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. This work includes variations in the original model so that the results of process simulation also represent the initial events of the start up operation as regards the biofilm growth. The model was implemented in ...

The strategic plan for Nuclear Physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory seeks to align itself with the strategic goals of the U.S. Department of Energy and to maximize the scientific contributions of the Laboratory to the advance of nuclear physics. To accomplish these guiding principles, we seek to identify strategic research directions where BNL offers unique scientific and technical experti...

A cold test facility has been in operation since October 1998 at the IBR-2 reactor of JINR, Dubna. During four measurement campaigns, various samples of the ATLAS forward (FCAL) and hadronic end cap (HEC) calorimeter materials have been exposed to a fast neutron (En 100 keV) uence of about 10 16 n cm . The samples were immersed in a liquid argon cryostat, and an -cell has been used as purity mo...

Whereas in the first concept safe enclosure of the plant was envisaged, it was then decided in favor of a step-by-step complete dismantling due to its significant advantages. The entire decommissioning program for achieving green-field conditions is divided into 8 steps. Prior to the approval and granting of sectional licenses by the licensing authority, documents describing all the work to be ...

This paper studies the design of feedback controllers for trajectory tracking in single-inputlsingle-output nonlinear systems X = f (x ) + g(x) u, y = h(x). A nonlinear transformation of the form z, = K ( X ) + X(x) u that transforms this nonlinear input/output system into a linear system is first constructed. On the basis of this transformation, an approach for designing control laws for traje...

The problem of control of nonlinear process systems subject to input constraints and sensor faults (complete failure or intermittent unavailability of measurements) is considered. A fault-tolerant controller is designed that utilizes reconfiguration (switching to an alternate control configuration) in a way that accounts for the process nonlinearity, the presence of constraints and the occurren...