We calculate the cross section of the inverse beta decay process, νe + n → p + e, in a magnetic field which is much smaller than m2p/e. Using exact solutions of the Dirac equation in a constant magnetic field, we find that the cross section depends on the direction of the incident neutrino even when the initial neutron is assumed to be at rest. We discuss the implication of this result for puls...

Being disorientated or lost is one of the fundamental dif®culties which users experience when trying to navigate within hypertext systems. In this paper, two new metrics of lostness are described and applied. The new metrics focus on the effects of link-type and the accuracy of user's mental models of system structure. In a series of studies, the new metrics were compared with the only other pu...

Conventional credit card transactions are not consistent with Islamic principles, as exemplified by the Islamic banking system and the ‘Murabaha sale’. On the other hand, EMV-compliant IC (Integrated Circuit) cards have been developed to secure traditional Point of Sale (POS) transactions. Thus, if Islamic principles are to be applied to card payments, a new and secure card payment process is r...

Using detailed panel data on local alcohol policy changes in Texas, this paper tests whether the effect of these changes on alcohol-related accidents depends on whether the policy change involves where the alcohol is consumed and the type of alcohol consumed. After controlling for both county and year fixed effects, we find evidence that: (i) the sale of beer and wine may actually decrease expe...

Oral cancer is second most common cancer in Pakistan and one of the major contributing factors to its high incidence is smokeless tobacco (SLT) use. 5.3% of Pakistan's youth are current SLT users. The World Health Organization requires the signatories of its "Framework Convention on Tobacco Control" to officially ban the sale of tobacco products to minors. We reviewed the Government of Pakistan...

We model a market where identical buyers direct their search to identical capacity-constrained sellers. Sellers cannot fully commit to the list price so strategic bargaining may determine the sale price. We study search and pricing behavior in symmetric equilibrium. Sale prices exhibit equilibrium dispersion as they respond naturally to local demand conditions. Uncoordinated search decisions le...

andre makine, a writer of russian ancestry residing in france, propounds the west enthusiastically and lyrically in his early novels. he visualizes the west as a lost paradise which is both fascinating and fanciful contrary to his childhood vision of russia. however, as time passes, following his immigration to france, his encounter with reality shatters and ruins the rudimental idealism which ...

This study investigates when forced sales turn into fire sales by using a natural experiment which allows us to separate supply and demand effects: Forced sales result from sudden death of house owners and are thus unrelated to current market conditions. We find that forced sales result in fire sale discounts. Discounts increase when the sale is urgent, market conditions are poor, the seller is...

We investigate acquirer returns using a comprehensive sample of government asset sale announcements in 123 countries around the world in 1984-2009. Overall, we find positive abnormal returns to acquirers of state-owned assets. Returns are greater when the acquirer is domestic, when the sale occurs in a developing nation, and when the acquirer itself is not a former stateowned enterprise. Buyers...