After the Character Education Act was enacted, providing character classes became a prerequisite in some Korean colleges starting in spring 2017. Keeping in step with these changes, experts researching character education cited the need for the development of character scales. The purpose of the present study is to explore the validity and reliability of the Christian character scale for univer...

The aim of this randomized pilot study is to investigate the effects of a short training programme in loving-kindness and compassion meditation (LKM/CM) in patients with borderline personality disorder. Patients were allocated to LKM/CM or mindfulness continuation training (control group). Patients in the LKM/CM group showed greater changes in Acceptance compared with the control group. Remarka...

Some limitations of using super-pressure balloons for probing the middle atmosphere of Venus are discussed. In particular, the accuracy of derived vertical wind velocities obtained from the VEGA flights is questioned. Concerns about using baseline superpressure balloons to achieve circumnavigation of Venus are raised. Alternatives to super-pressure balloons are reconsidered. To acquire long dur...

The honeybee, Apis mellifera, has an extremely polyandrous mating system, which often involves multiple nuptial flights by its queens. To understand the evolution of extreme polyandry, we investigated the cost of multiple nuptial flights in relation to potential benefits. We analysed, with eight DNAmicrosatellite loci, the paternity of worker offspring of naturally mated queens. Queens that wer...

Newly produced queens in the multiple-queen (polygyne) form of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta show dramatic variation in dispersal patterns, and this variation is influenced by genotypic variation at a single locus associated with the genetic marker Gp-9. Heavy, homozygous Gp-9 queens exhibit the highest vagility among polygyne queens and are strongly attracted to the open, disturbed-habitat p...