Objective: Thanks to the increasing interests in lymphedema surgery, there has been an emergence of new investigation modalities. Apart from making the diagnosis, new investigations are tailored to assess the disease by measuring limb volume and fluid content. There are also studies to assess the lymphatic function and perform lymphatic mapping. This is a review on modern investigation modaliti...

Axillary node status is a major prognostic factor in early breast cancer. Staging with sentinel node biopsy (SNB) leads to a substantial reduction in surgical morbidity. Recent multiinstitutional studies revealed SNB false-negative rates ranging from 5.5% to 16.7%, higher than the target (<5%) set by the 2005 guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. These alarming data point to ...

BACKGROUND Lymphoscintigraphy has often been used for evaluating arm lymphatic dysfunction, but no optimal approach for quantification has so far emerged. We propose a quantifiable measure of lymphatic function that we applied in patients treated for breast cancer. METHODS Eleven patients, aged 34-68 years, with unilateral arm lymphedema following breast cancer treatment underwent bilateral l...

The anatomical and functional status of the epifascial and subfascial lymphatic compartments was analyzed using two compartment lymphoscintigraphy in five groups of patients (total 55) with various forms of edema of the lower extremities. Digital whole body scintigraphy enabled semiquantitative estimation of radiotracer transport with comparison of lymphatic drainage between those individuals w...