Introduction: Although the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) hypothesis has achieved wide acceptance in the lunar science community, it has never been fully tested experimentally. Presented here are the first results of equilibrium crystallization experiments using the Taylor Whole Moon (TWM) composition [1]. The first mafic cumulates in this LMO are dominated by forsteritic olivine, low-Ca pyroxene and,...

Melting of mafic veins in a marble-cake mantle may play an important role in generating isotopic and chemical heterogeneities in mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalts. Mafic veins have lower solidi than mantle peridotite and will be preferentially sampled during partial melting, particularly at low melt fractions. However, the abundance of mafic components in the mantle or their role during ...

Abstract Some geochemical models for basaltic and more primitive rocks suggest that their parental magmas have assimilated tens of weight percent crustal silicate wall rock. But what are the thermodynamic limits assimilation in magmas? We pursue this question quantitatively using a freely available tool phase equilibria modeling open magmatic systems—the Magma Chamber Simulator (https://mcs.geo...

Many andesites erupted at arc volcanoes are the products of magma mixing, and this process could be important in triggering their eruption. Throughout life Ngauruhoe volcano (?2.5 ka), lack macroscopic enclaves or lithological features mingled magma. However, intricate microscopic mixing mingling occur. Plagioclase phenocrysts have a wide range textures. Their diverse 87Sr/86Sr values (0.7039–0...

The Cape Verde archipelago is a group of ocean islands in the Central Atlantic that forms two chains trending northwest and southwest. Several are considered to be volcanically active, with frequent eruptions on Fogo. We examine mineral chemistry thermobarometry southern islands—Santiago, Fogo, Brava—together Cadamosto Seamount. Our objective explore magmatic storage system implications for vol...

Radiographic imaging of magma dynamics in a volcanic conduit provides detailed information about ascent and descent of magma, the magma flow rate, the conduit diameter and inflation and deflation of magma due to volatile expansion and release. Here we report the first radiographic observation of the ascent and descent of magma along a conduit utilizing atmospheric (cosmic ray) muons (muography)...