Fe3O4 nanofluid fully developed forced convection inside a copper tube is empirically investigated under the effect of a magnetic field. All of the investigations are performed under laminar flow regime (670≤Re≤1700) and thermal boundary conditions of the tube with uniform thermal flux. The tube is under the effect of a magnetic field in certain points. This research aims to study the effect of...

Magnetic field threading a black hole ergosphere is believed to play the key role in both driving the powerful relativistic jets observed in active galactic nuclei and extracting the rotational energy from a black hole via Blandford-Znajek process. The magnitude of magnetic field and the magnetic flux in the vicinity of a central black hole is predicted by theoretical models. On the other hand,...

The LASCO and EIT instruments on the SOHO spacecraft have provided an unprecedented set of observations for studying the physics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). They provide the ability to view the pre-event corona, the initiation of the CME and its evolution from the surface of the Sun through 30 R ⊙. An example of the capability of these instruments is provided in a description of a single ...

Magnetic abrasive machining is a surface finishing technique in which a magnetic field is used to force abrasive particles against the target surface. As such, finishing of conventionally inaccessible surfaces (e.g., the inside surface of a long curved pipe) is possible. The aim of this paper is to study maximum efficiency in terms of material removal rate with respect to magnetic flux density ...

An electric current flowing around a loop produces a magnetic field and hence a magnetic flux through the loop. The ratio of the magnetic flux to the electric current is called the magnetic self-inductance. Can there be a dual situation with a magnetic current flowing around a loop and producing an electric field and hence an electric flux through the loop? Following the classical electrodynami...

Kilogauss-strength magnetic fields are often observed in intergranular lanes at the photosphere in the quiet Sun. Such fields are stronger than the equipartition field Be, corresponding to a magnetic energy density that matches the kinetic energy density of photospheric convection, and comparable with the field Bp that exerts a magnetic pressure equal to the ambient gas pressure. We present an ...

New high-resolution observations reveal that small-scale magnetic flux concentrations have a delicate substructure on a spatial scale of 0.1′′. Its basic structure can be interpreted in terms of a magnetic flux sheet or tube that vertically extends through the ambient weak-field or field-free atmosphere with which it is in mechanical equilibrium. A more refined interpretation comes from new thr...

Context. Observations indicate that the ‘quiet’ solar photosphere outside active regions contains considerable amounts of magnetic energy and magnetic flux, with mixed polarity on small scales. The origin of this flux is unclear. Aims. We test whether local dynamo action of the near-surface convection (granulation) can generate a significant contribution to the observed magnetic flux. Methods. ...