Context. The quiet Sun presents magnetized plasma whose field strengths vary from zero to about 2 kG. The probability density function of the magnetic field strength B efficaciously describes the statistical properties of the quiet Sun magnetic field. Aims. We simulate the dynamics and the evolution of quiet Sun magnetic elements to produce a probability density function of the field strengths ...

Context. Observations indicate that the ‘quiet’ solar photosphere outside active regions contains considerable amounts of magnetic energy and magnetic flux, with mixed polarity on small scales. The origin of this flux is unclear. Aims. We test whether local dynamo action of the near-surface convection (granulation) can generate a significant contribution to the observed magnetic flux. Methods. ...

Using turbulent MHD simulations (magnetic Reynolds numbers up to≈ 8000) and Hinode observations, we study effects of turbulence on measuring the solar magnetic field outside active regions. Firstly, from synthetic Stokes V profiles for the FeI lines at 6301 and 6302 Å, we show that a peaked probability distribution function (PDF) for observationally-derived field estimates is consistent with a ...

The (Bi1.6Pb0.4)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10/Ag superconductor tapes have great potential for power transmission application. At relatively high temperatures, the transport critical current density (Jc) is limited by the weak pinning of magnetic flux lines. Movement of the flux lines as a result of the Lorentz force leads to the dissipation of energy and the appearance of electrical resistance. Improvement in ...

We compare the ‘‘magnetic breakout’’ model for coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with observed general properties of CMEs by analyzing in detail recent high-resolution MHD simulations of a complete breakout CME. The model produces an eruption with a three-part plasma density structure that shows a bright circular rim outlining a dark central cavity in synthetic coronagraphic images of total brightn...

We study two quantum dots embedded in the arms of an Aharonov-Bohm ring threaded by a magnetic flux. This system can be described by an effective one-impurity Anderson model with an energy- and flux-dependent density of states. For specific values of the flux, this density of states vanishes at the Fermi energy, yielding a controlled realization of the pseudogap Kondo effect. The conductance an...

Performing fast and accurate methods for modeling the electrical machines has been the subject of several studies and many authors proposed different procedures to attain this aim. Beside the accuracy, the speed of the method is of great concern. On the other hand, the capability of the method to be changed according to the need is another important issue. Finite Element method provides relativ...

[1] We investigate the characteristics and solar origins of a subpopulation of the solar wind that possesses extreme values of proton flux. Ulysses observations including solar wind magnetic flux, proton flux, number density and velocity, and ionic composition are examined in this study. We find that the departures of solar wind proton flux from its constancy occur for time intervals leading up...