The biodegradable and non-toxic Bioflocculants have attracted considerable interest as alternative to non-biodegradable chemical flocculants. However, the cost of fermentation media for bioflocculant production low flocculation efficiency is a major challenge. In this study, we grow Bacillus spp isolated from sediment local clay pot on spoilt orange juice produce bioflocculant. culture supernat...

This study was carried out in the Middle Governorate of Gaza Strip, Palestine. The coastal aquifer is the main source of water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes in the study area. During the last three decades the aquifer has deteriorated to a high degree in the quality and quantity due to the over-pumping and the encroachment of seawater.  Hydrogeochemical analysis for ground...

The colicin A lysis protein, Cal, is synthesized at the same time as colicin A by Escherichiu coli harbouring plasmid pColA after induction by mitomycin C. Its function in the induced bacteria involves the release of colicin A, quasi-lysis, the death of the producing cells and the activation of the outer membrane phospholipase A. We have found that these various functions are affected different...

We consider algebraic speciications with observational features. Axioms as well as observations are formulae of full (Many-Sorted) First Order Logic with Equality. The associated semantics is based on a non standard interpretation of equality called observational equality. We study the adequacy of this semantics for software specii-cation and the relationship with behavioural equivalence of alg...

Recent results in the chemistry of disubstituted carbenium ions (vinyl cations and phenyl cations) are described separately under three different sections: From kinetic and solvolytic data of several 1—cyclobutenyl nonaflates, the intermediacy of a non-classical vinyl cation, namely the 1-cyclobutenyl cation 2 is established. Cycloaddition reactions of solvolytically generated vinyl cations wit...

Azaoxyallyl cations represent a family of versatile and powerful synthetic synthons, which are generally in situ generated from a-halohydroxamates in the presence of organic or inorganic bases. Owing to the unique structural features and reactivities of azaoxyallyl cations, some various efforts have been made to enrich the synthetic methodology of azaoxyallyl cations (Scheme 1, 1). In 2011, Jef...

Major steps of the design of distributed applications correspond to the integration of prede ned patterns. To support such design steps, a concept for re nement by pattern composition is introduced which applies formal process composition and provides functions for the tool assisted construction and modi cation of speci cations. The approach is based on L. Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions TL...