Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) can develop as a consequence of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, pancreatic duct (PD) disruption due to acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic surgery, and trauma [1-3]. Based on the Revised Atlanta classification, PFCs are classified as acute peripancreatic fluid collections (APFC), pseudocysts, acute necrotic collection (ANC), and walled-off necrosis acco...

Pancreaticopleural fistula is an uncommon sequelae of pancreatitis. The condition is often elusive, as respiratory rather than abdominal symptoms usually predominate and the fistula can be difficult to demonstrate radiologically. Confirmation is by demonstrating a high amylase content in the pleural aspirate relative to the serum. About half the fistulae will close with conservative treatment b...

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic environmental heavy metals to organisms. The prominent toxic effects of Cd on reproductive organs are very well known. Gonad histopathology is a valuable tool for the assessment of endocrine disruption compounds EDCs effects on fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on histopathology of Zebrafish (D...

Precise cell fate decisions during differentiation of uterine tissues from the embryonic Müllerian duct are critical for normal fertility. Wnt-7a, a member of the Wnt family of secreted signaling molecules that can signal through a canonical beta-catenin pathway, is necessary for the correct differentiation of both anterior/posterior and radial axes of the uterus. In order to investigate the ro...

UNLABELLED The aim this study was to analyse our management bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective-retrospective study presents six cases of major bile duct injuries that occurred in our first 1000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Neuhaus et al. classification was used in this study. RESULTS Bile duct injuries following laparoscopic c...

The amylase creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) is considered to be a more sensitive index of acute pancreatitis than the serum amylase level. Serial ACCR estimations were undertaken in 25 patients undergoing an elective cholecystectomy. Using accepted criteria, 28% of these patients developed, in the postoperative period, biochemical evidence of pancreatic gland damage, although the serum amylas...

Pancreatico-pleural fistula (PPF) represents a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis, especially in patients with an alcohol abuse history. It results from the traumatic or inflammatory disruption of the main pancreatic duct or its side branches, leading to the formation of a fistulous tract between the pancreas and the pleural cavity through the esophageal or aortic hiatus of the diaphragm...

A child with a post-tramatic pancreatic pseuodocyst developed pancreatic fistula, following percutaneous drainage of the cyst. The fistula output was about 120ml/day and lasted for a month. A diagnostic ERCP revealed main pancreatic duct disruption. The fistula output ceased over the next two days following the ERCP. The patient has been well for the past four years. This patient's immediate re...

Post operatively she developed an air and bile leak. A subsequent ERCP was performed and the plastic biliary stent removed from the bile duct. There was a suspicion of contrast in the bronchial tree on this examination. A further CT scan demonstrated a pleural effusion, diaphragmatic disruption and a collection under the diaphragm consistent with bronchobiliary fistula. Her bilioptysis settled ...

COMMUNICATIONS TO THE EDITOR 531 sions that had a high level of amylase. We disagree with this suggestion and offer the following comments. Although pancreaticopleural fistulae (internal pancreatic fistulae) resulting from disruption of the pancreatic duct or pseudocysts are known complications of pancreatitis, their incidence is unknown. The presence of such flstulae is suggested by amylase-ri...