background wilson’s disease (wd) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by a mutation in the atp7b gene, located on chromosome 13, which encodes a protein involved in the metabolism of copper. case presentation we described the case of an indian male with a history of polydipsia and polyuria, related to hypercalciuria and consequent nephrocalcinosis. the symptoms began at the age ...

background: age-related macular degeneration (amd) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in elderly population in the developing countries. previous epidemiological studies revealed various potential modifiable risk factors for this disease. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of amd among elderly living in babol, north of iran.  methods:  the study popula...

calcification and inflammation are among the important cases of exudative age-related macular degeneration (e-armd). the aim of the present study was to elucidate if there is any relationship between serum osteoprotegerin (opg), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa b ligand (rank-ligand) and e-armd. in a cross-sectional study, we compared 45 e-armd patients with 45 matched control...

INTRODUCTION Hereditary multiple cartilaginous exostoses is a syndrome characterised by the development of multiple osteochondromas. The diagnosis is typically made around the age of 12 years, and the prevalence is estimated at 1:50,000. During skeletal growth, the osteochondromas are benign, but in adult life malignant transformation into chondrosarcomas can occur. METHODS This study was a l...

HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMAS (HCAS) ARE CURRENTLY CATEGORIZED INTO DISTINCT GENETIC AND PATHOLOGIC SUBTYPES AS FOLLOWS: inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocyte-nuclear-factor-1-alpha (HNF-1 α -mutated) hepatocellular adenoma, and β -catenin-mutated hepatocellular adenomas; the fourth, defined as unclassified subtype, encompasses HCAs without any genetic abnormalities. This classification has...

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are rare pancreatic tumours, accounting for less of 1-2% of all neoplasms of the gland. Main characteristics of IPMNs are their favourable prognosis as these pre-malignant or frankly malignant lesions are usually slow-growing tumours and radical surgery is frequently possible. According with the localization of the lesions, three different entiti...

Background: A major worry of juvenile penile LS is potential malignant degeneration to spinocellular carcinoma (SCC) in adulthood. characterized by increased CD8+ and CD57+ cells, dermal sclerosis, epidermal atrophy, hyperkeratosis. p53 Ki67 are reliable premalignant markers. Our aim was define the immunohistochemical profile foreskin children, focusing on tissue immune response cell proliferat...