Apert syndrome is a type of acrocephalosyndactilia that consists of craniofacial synostosis, midface hypoplasia and syndactyly, with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. During anesthesia, difficult intubation and ventilation may be observed because of abnormal airways. In one of our patients, visceral anomalies, such as esophageal stricture and post-strictural dilatation, may cause respi...

Bony exostoses such as mandibular tori are fairly common. They are asymptomatic, benign cortical bony protuberances occurring along the lingular aspect of the mandible. Large tori may interfere with direct laryngoscopy resulting in difficult intubation. This is a case report about a 66 year old, Caucasian male with a Mallampati class I airway who was un-intubatable initially, due to the presenc...

BACKGROUND Accuracy of upper lip bite test (ULBT) has been compared with the Mallampati classification. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of the ULBT classification with sternomental distance (SMD), thyromental distance (TMD), and interincisor distance (IID) or a composite score can improve the ability to predict easy laryngoscopy and intubation compared with each test alon...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Vocal fold injury is a well-know complication of intubation, with rates reported as high as 69%. Laryngology textbooks recommend the use of a small endotracheal tube (ETT) to help avoid these complications and optimize visualization. Case reports have suggested that the rigid stylet can lead to laryngeal injury. Given the additional risks, intubation without the stylet is ...

Airway Assessment is essential in pre anesthetic assessment. Anticipating and preparing for difficulty airway management crucial to avoid catastrophes. Routine operative examination usually includes mouth opening dentition, Mallampati classification, thyromental distance neck movements. Neck circumference a quick bedside test determine difficult laryngoscopy. Increased tongue thickness skin epi...

The upper airway abnormalities predisposing to difficult tracheal intubation may also predispose to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The potential association is important as both conditions increase perioperative risk and patients with a trachea that is difficult to intubate may need assessment for OSA. We determined if patients with difficult intubation are at greater risk of OSA and, if so, w...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the combinations of the Mallampati test and anthropometric measurements with the highest selectivity value. In addition, we aim to identify a possible correlation between head circumference measurement, the presence of malignancy and difficult intubation. METHODS Patients who were scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anaesthesia,...

BACKGROUND Endotracheal intubation is usually associated with hemodynamic changes, especially in patients undergoing cesarean section by general anesthesia. GlideScope® videolaryngoscope (GVL) is a novel video laryngoscope, which does not need direct exposure of vocal cords and produces lesser hemodynamic changes due to lower degrees of trauma and stimuli to oropharynx than the Macintosh direct...